HCD 303 Midterm Exam Study Guide. (Top 2024/2025 EXAM REVIEW PAPER )

HCD 303 Midterm Exam Study Guide What is a system? - A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole A set of procedures according to which something is done; an organized scheme or method What are the 4 components of a healthcare system? - People, parts, interrelationships, and culture Where did the Legatum Prosperity Index rank the US healthcare system? - 59th Where did Bloomberg Business Report rank the US healthcare system? - 54th Where did the Commonwealth Fund rank the US healthcare system? - 11th Which of the following statements is true? - It doesn't seem to matter which measures are used within international health systems rankings, the US healthcare system performs poorly amongst other developed nations The Commonwealth Fund and the World Health Organization reports both used health equity as a measure in their rankings. What is health equity? - The inclusion of fairness in a system for providing health services and insurance coverage taking into consideration an persons individual circumstances What are the 3 goals of a healthcare system? - High quality, low cost, easy access How much does the healthcare system actually impact the health of a population? - 10% How much do individual behaviors impact the health of a population? - 40% Which of the following are measures of quality within a healthcare system? - Patient outcomes Patient safety Patient satisfaction Which of the following are measures of cost within a healthcare system? (Select all that apply). - Healthcare spending as a % of the GDP Cost per procedure such as knee or hip replacement Which of the following is a measure of access within a healthcare system? - Patient insurance status such as insured or uninsured Geographical proximity to needed services Patient Insurance Coverage Physician to patient ratios What does GDP stand for - Gross Domestic Product When analyzing healthcare systems, spending as a percent of the GDP is often considered. What does this measure tell us? - The percent of money spent on healthcare every year, in relation to the total amount spent throughout all industries in the same year What does mortality amenable to healthcare measure? - The deaths preventable within a healthcare system with timely and appropriate medical care The US has universal coverage. - False There is high variability in cost, quality, and access throughout the US healthcare system. - True In addition to cost, quality and access, which can be considered a building block of health systems? - Innovation What does the term universal access mean? - That everyone within a country has access to some form of health insurance What type of health insurance programs became popular immediately after WWII? - Employerbased insurance What is a premium? - The amount paid monthly for a health insurance plan What is a deductible? - The amount that must be paid out-of-pocket annually, before insurance coverage kicks in What is a copayment? - The set dollar amount that you must pay at the point of service What is co-insurance? - The set percentage of the bill that must be paid at the point of service What is a gatekeeper? - It's when a health plan dictates that a patient must get referred by their PCP to see a specialist What is the systematic purpose of copayments and co-insurance? - It's a forcing function to incentivize patients to seek the appropriate level of care Match the following parts of Medicare with the associated services they cover? - inpatient services, physician services, Medicare advantage, prescription drugs What is the complete and official name of the ACA? - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Who is covered by Medicare? (Select all that apply). - Elderly, patients with end stage renal disease and disabled Which is true about Medicaid? (Select all that apply). - Traditional Medicaid covers low income adults with dependents. Traditional Medicaid covers low income pregnant women. Medicaid Expansion covers individuals earning less than 138% of the FPL. Who is Sir William Beveridge? (Select all that apply) - Educator, author of the social insurance and Allie health services report , civil servant Who was Aneurin Bevan? (Select all that apply) - Elected officials, minister of health What happened on July 5th, 1948 in the UK? - The NHS was passed into law What is the NHS - National Health Service In 1911, the UK parliament passed the National Health Insurance Act. Which of the following statements is true about this act? Select all correct answers. - It covers workers (not their dependents) for primary care services. Which of the following statements are true about the NHS structure (select all that apply)? - Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) allocate health care funding at the lo