SPLH 620 - Exam One Questions and Answers 100% Correct(SCORED A)

Nervous System - ANSWER-a system consisting of the brain/spinal cord (CNS) and nerves that run along the body receives sensory input from internal/external environments, transmits information, integrates input, generates commands and outputs to motor systems Basic Structure of a Neuron - ANSWER-soma/cell body, dendrites, axon, nucleus, axon terminal Syanpse - ANSWER-the interaction/communication between two neurons (axon to dendrite) Central Nervous System - ANSWER-consists of the brain and spinal cord, in charge of body functions Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER-connects the central nervous system to different parts of the body, has both afferent and efferent nerves somatic = controls voluntary functions (speaking, walking, hearing) autonomic = controls unconscious functions (heart rate, digestion) Afferent - ANSWER-Sensory (input, upward movement from the body to the brain) Efferent - ANSWER-Motor (output, downward movement from the brain to the body) Glia - ANSWER-support cells = physical support, nutrient flow, and nerve "housekeeping" Astrocytes - ANSWER--in the CNS -clean up local debris including dead neurons -provide nutrients to support neuronal activity -regulate chemical composition of extracellular fluid Oligodendroglia - ANSWER--in the CNS -provide support for axons -produce myelin sheath for multiple axons Myelin - ANSWER-a substance 80% lipid and 20% protein that surrounds the axon in a series of segments with small bare portions between each segment speeds up the neural connection in the axon Microglia - ANSWER--in the CNs -smallest glial cells -protects the brain from invading microorganisms Schwann Cells - ANSWER--in the PNS -supports cells -produces myelin for a single axon Dendrite - ANSWER-receives signals from neurons Cell body (soma) - ANSWER-integrates neural signals Axon - ANSWER-serves as a conduit to send signals to neurons Interneurons - ANSWER-located only within the CNS, are neither sensory or motor neurons, have no specialized function serve as a connection between neurons