Microbiology 311 Final Exam Study Guide. (Top 2024/2025 EXAM REVIEW PAPERS / GRADED A+/ 100% Accurate)

Microbiology 311 Final Exam Study Guide The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is: -Peritrichous A circular, double-stranded segment of DNA separate from prokaryotic chromosome is called a: - Plasmid A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT: -A nucleus The type of bond formed between atoms that share electrons, rather than donating or receiving them is called: -Covalent Viruses are not considered living organisms because they: -Cannot reproduce on their own. The organelles that are capable of converting the energy from sunlight to chemical energy are called: - Chloroplasts Glucose, fructose, and galactose are: -Monosaccharides The incorporation of viral DNA into the bacterial chromosome without the production of new virus is called: -Lysogenic State Sphere-shaped bacteria are called: -Cocci An amino acid is to a protein as a _________ is to a nucleic acid. -Nucleotide A cluster of sphere-shaped bacteria is described as: -Staphylococci A common structural element of four fused carbon rings is found in: -Steroids The very stable resting cells formed by some bacteria under conditions of low nutrients are: - Endospores The three parts of a nucleotide are: -The phosphate group, the 5 carbon sugar, and the nitrogenous base Peptidoglycan, glycogen, chitin and cellulose are examples of: -Polysaccharides Which of the following is the correct order for the multiplication cycle of viruses? -Absorption - Penetration - Uncoating - Synthesis - Assembly - Release APUSAR Fungal infections in humans are called: -Mycoses Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a viral: -Capsid Pinworms and hookworms are: -Roundworms A protein composed of multiple polypeptides is in its functional state in _____________ structure: - Quaternary Eukaryotes are always multicellular, while prokaryotes are always unicellular: True or False? - False Eukaryotic flagella move in a propeller-type motion: True or False? -False A "naked" virus is composed only of nucleic acid with no proteins: True or False? -False A prokaryotic glycocalyx that is unorganized and loosely attached is called a capsule: True or False? - False The bacterial chromosome is found in an area called the nucleoid: True or False? -True The site of protein sorting: Matching -Golgi apparatus The site of protein synthesis and processing: Matching -Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Digestion and recycling of macromolecules: Matching -Lysosome The site of ATP synthesis: Matching -Mitochondria The location of genetic material in eukaryotes: Matching -Nucleus Is the cell plasma membrane part of a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -Both G+ and GIs the membrane-bound nucleus part of a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -Neither G+ or GIs the outer membrane part of a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -GIs the thick peptidoglycan cell wall part of a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -G+ Is the LPS part of a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -GWhich is purple after gram-staining; a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -G+ Which is pink after gram-staining; a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -G- Which contains teichoic acids; a G- cell, G+ cell, both or neither? -G+ What are the four major macromolecules of living things? -Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids What makes water important? -Its polarity Which of the following is the best definition of antigen? -A substance that causes a B or T cell response. Toxins produced and secreted by some bacteria are