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Exame Análise complexa e cálculo diferencial 19-20

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Exame Análise complexa e cálculo diferencial 19-20

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Resolução do Recurso 1A
1. a) V b) V c) V d) V e) F f) V
2. Para f ser holomorfa em C tem de verificar as equações de Cauchy–Riemann em R2 . Logo,
∂u ∂v
= aeax sen(ay) + a = ,
∂x ∂y
de onde vem v(x, y) = −eax cos(ay) + ay + C(x), onde C(x) é uma função diferenciável a
determinar. Substituindo u e v na segunda equação de Cauchy–Riemann, obtemos
∂u ∂v
=− ⇔ aeax cos(ay) = aeax cos(ay) − C ′ (x).
∂y ∂x
Logo, C ′ (x) = 0 e C(x) = c com c ∈ R. Como
u(x, y) = eax sen(ay) + ax e v(x, y) = −eax cos(ay) + ay + c,
com c ∈ R, são C 1 no aberto R2 e as equações de Cauchy–Riemann são satisfeitas em R2 ,
f = u + iv é holomorfa em C. Logo, os valores pretendidos são a ∈ R e temos então
f (z) = −ieaz + az + ic e f (20) (z) = −ia20 eaz .
3. a) Como z 4 + z 2 = z 2 (z 2 + 1) = 0 ⇔ z = 0 ou z = ±i, f tem singularidades isoladas nestes
pontos. Temos
sen z sen z 1
lim zf (z) = lim 2
= lim lim 2 = 1 6= 0
z→0 z→0 z(z + 1) z→0 z z→0 z + 1
e
sen z sen(±i) sen i e−1 − e
lim (z ∓ i)f (z) = lim 2 = =− = 6= 0,
z→±i z→±i z (z ± i) ∓2i 2i 4
pelo que são pólos de ordem 1 (e os limites são os resı́duos). Logo, f é meromorfa no aberto
simplesmente conexo C e como γ é um caminho regular fechado em C \ {0, i, −i} com
Indγ (0) = Indγ (i) = Indγ (−i) = Indγ (1) = 2
e {0, i, −i} não tem pontos de acumulação, podemos aplicar o Teorema dos Resı́duos para
obter
e−1 − e
Z  
 
f = 2πi Indγ (0)Res(f, 0) + Indγ (i)Res(f, i) + Indγ (−i)Res(f, −i) = 4πi 1 + .
γ 2
b) Por 3a, f tem um pólo de ordem 1 em z = 0 com resı́duo 1, pelo que f (z) = z1 + n≥0 cn z n
P

para algumas constantes cn ∈ R para n ≥ 0 e 0 < |z| < 1. Temos também
∞ ∞
1 X (−1)n −(2n+1) X (−1)n −(2n+3)
g(z) = z = z ,
z2 (2n + 1)! (2n + 1)!
n=0 n=0
pelo que

X (−1)n −(2n+3) 1 X X
(f + g)(z) = z + + cn z n = dm z m
(2n + 1)! z
n=0 n≥0 m∈Z
com  (−1)n

 (2n+1)! se m = −(2n + 3) com n ≥ 0,

0 se m = −(2n + 2) com n ≥ 0,

dm =


 1 se m = −1,
se m ≥ 0.

cm
Como a série de Laurent para 0 < |z| < 1 tem um número infinito de potências com
expoente negativo, z = 0 é uma singularidade essencial de f + g.

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