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Algebra exame 19-20 Season 1

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Instituto Superior Técnico 1o Semestre 2019/2020
Departamento de Matemática 15 de janeiro de 2020
Duração: 90 ou 180 minutos

TESTE DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁLGEBRA LINEAR
MEBiol – MEBiom

I (T1+T2 - 10 valores - 90 minutos)
 
4 0 −3
1. Considere a matriz A =  0 1 0 .
−1 0 1

(a) (1.0) Considere a cifra de Hill cuja matriz de codificação é A. Determine a matriz de descodificação
e encontre o texto inicial se a mensagem cifrada for: 10, 1, 2, −11, 2, 4, 56, 19, −14.
(b) (1.0) Escreva A como produto de matrizes elementares.
  
2 −1 0  
1  1 −1 3  A 2 0
2. (1.0) Caso exista, encontre uma matriz A: 2A = det  √
3 .
2 1 −1
0 −1 −2

 
  a b c 6
−5g −5h −5i  d e f 5 
3. (1.0) Sabendo que det  d e f  = 1 calcule det 
 g
.
h i 4 
3a + 9d 3b + 9e 3c + 9f
0 0 0 4
4. Considere os subespaços lineares V1 e V2 de P3 :

V1 = {p ∈ P3 : p(0) = 0, p(0) − p(−1) = 0} e V2 = L({t + t2 , t + t3 , 2t + t2 + t3 }).

(a) (1.0) Encontre uma base para V1 .
(b) (1.0) Calcule dim(V1 + V2 ).
(c) (1.0) Encontre uma base de P3 que contenha uma base de V1 .
(d) (1.0) Determine as coordenadas de −t + 2t2 − 3t3 numa base ordenada de V2 à sua escolha.

 
x1
..
5. Seja A ∈ Mn×n (R) e considere o conjunto V ={(x1 , ..., xn ) ∈ Rn : Ak  .
 = 0 para algum k ∈ N}.
xn

(a) (1.0) Mostre que V é um espaço linear.
(b) (1.0) Mostre que V = N (An ).



A seguinte tabela poderá ser útil no problema 1:
0 =−− , 1 = A, 2 = B, 3 = C, 4 = D, 5 = E, 6 = F, 7 = G, 8 = H, 9 = I, 10 = J, 11 = K, 12 = L, 13 = M
14 = N, 15 = O, 16 = P, 17 = Q, 18 = R, 19 = S, 20 = T, 21 = U, 22 = V, 23 = W, 24 = X, 25 = Y, 26 = Z




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