NUR3145 Pharmacology EXAM 1
What is pharmacotherapeutics? When do nurses use this the most? - ANSW - Clinical
pharm: the branch of pharm that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine
for the tx, prevention, and dx of disease in humans
- administering drugs
- assessing drug effects
- intervening to make the drug more tolerable
- providing pt teaching
- monitoring overall pt care plan
Schedule I - ANSW This type of drug has no accepted medical use in the United
States.
(Heroin, marijuana, LSD)
Schedule II - ANSW High abuse potential with severe dependence liability (narcotics,
amphetamines, and barbiturates)
Schedule III - ANSW Drugs in this category are considered to be at moderate or low
risk for physical dependence, and with current reasons for medical use. Includes
anabolic steroids, most barbituates and ketamine. (nonbarbiturate sedatives,
nonamphetamine stimulants, limited amounts of certain narcotics)
Schedule IV - ANSW Abuse potential exists, but less than Sch III. Examples are:
Ambien, Darvocet and Lorazepam.
(Some sedatives, antianxiety agents, and nonnarcotic analgesics)
Schedule V - ANSW Limited abuse potential. Primarily small amounts of narcotics
(codeine) used as antitussives or antidiarrheals.
What is bioavailability? - ANSW Fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic
circulation unchanged.
How does bioavailability apply to brand names and generic drugs? - ANSW - Generic
drugs are chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the
manufacturing of drugs. They don't have all of the dept. that the pharm companies have,
so they can produce drugs cheaper. Binders used in a generic drug might not be the
same as in the brand name drug. As a result, the the way the body breaks down and
uses the generic drug may differ from that of the brand name. The bioavailability is
different from that of the brand name.
How does drug metabolism change as we age? - ANSW - less effective absorption
- less efficient distribution because of fewer plasma proteins and less efficient perfusion
, - altered biotransformation or metabolism of drugs because of age-related liver changes
- less effective excretion owing to less effective kidneys
how to calculate drug half life - ANSW Look up on YouTube and Google
Dosage changes from IM to oral because...? - ANSW IM is absorbed more rapidly and
doesn't go through the first-pass effect. The dose for oral would be higher.
A new area of study that explores the unique differences in response to drugs that each
individual possesses based on genetic makeup... - ANSW Pharmacogenomics
narrow spectrum antibiotics - ANSW effective for narrow group of bacteria
- opposite from broad spectrum which are ABTs that interfere with a biochemical
reaction common to many organisms
selective toxicity - ANSW A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host
- ability to strike foreign cells with little or no effect on human cells
What are aminoglycosides? - ANSW Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
neomycin
Streptomycin
If a patient on an aminoglycoside gets an infection, what labs do you need to monitor? -
ANSW - In general, need to monitor renal and hepatic function labs
- WBCs?
What are the carbapenems? - ANSW Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
What are cephalosporins? - ANSW Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime
What are the Fluroquinolones? - ANSW Ciprofloxacin, other "*oxacin* drugs" enoxacin,
nalidixic acid (quninolone)
What are the penicillins and penicillinase-resistant ABTs? - ANSW - Penicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
- Nafcillin
- Oxacillin
What are sulfonamides? - ANSW Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Sulfisoxazole Sulfadiazine
Cotrimoxazole
What is pharmacotherapeutics? When do nurses use this the most? - ANSW - Clinical
pharm: the branch of pharm that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine
for the tx, prevention, and dx of disease in humans
- administering drugs
- assessing drug effects
- intervening to make the drug more tolerable
- providing pt teaching
- monitoring overall pt care plan
Schedule I - ANSW This type of drug has no accepted medical use in the United
States.
(Heroin, marijuana, LSD)
Schedule II - ANSW High abuse potential with severe dependence liability (narcotics,
amphetamines, and barbiturates)
Schedule III - ANSW Drugs in this category are considered to be at moderate or low
risk for physical dependence, and with current reasons for medical use. Includes
anabolic steroids, most barbituates and ketamine. (nonbarbiturate sedatives,
nonamphetamine stimulants, limited amounts of certain narcotics)
Schedule IV - ANSW Abuse potential exists, but less than Sch III. Examples are:
Ambien, Darvocet and Lorazepam.
(Some sedatives, antianxiety agents, and nonnarcotic analgesics)
Schedule V - ANSW Limited abuse potential. Primarily small amounts of narcotics
(codeine) used as antitussives or antidiarrheals.
What is bioavailability? - ANSW Fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic
circulation unchanged.
How does bioavailability apply to brand names and generic drugs? - ANSW - Generic
drugs are chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the
manufacturing of drugs. They don't have all of the dept. that the pharm companies have,
so they can produce drugs cheaper. Binders used in a generic drug might not be the
same as in the brand name drug. As a result, the the way the body breaks down and
uses the generic drug may differ from that of the brand name. The bioavailability is
different from that of the brand name.
How does drug metabolism change as we age? - ANSW - less effective absorption
- less efficient distribution because of fewer plasma proteins and less efficient perfusion
, - altered biotransformation or metabolism of drugs because of age-related liver changes
- less effective excretion owing to less effective kidneys
how to calculate drug half life - ANSW Look up on YouTube and Google
Dosage changes from IM to oral because...? - ANSW IM is absorbed more rapidly and
doesn't go through the first-pass effect. The dose for oral would be higher.
A new area of study that explores the unique differences in response to drugs that each
individual possesses based on genetic makeup... - ANSW Pharmacogenomics
narrow spectrum antibiotics - ANSW effective for narrow group of bacteria
- opposite from broad spectrum which are ABTs that interfere with a biochemical
reaction common to many organisms
selective toxicity - ANSW A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host
- ability to strike foreign cells with little or no effect on human cells
What are aminoglycosides? - ANSW Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
neomycin
Streptomycin
If a patient on an aminoglycoside gets an infection, what labs do you need to monitor? -
ANSW - In general, need to monitor renal and hepatic function labs
- WBCs?
What are the carbapenems? - ANSW Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
What are cephalosporins? - ANSW Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime
What are the Fluroquinolones? - ANSW Ciprofloxacin, other "*oxacin* drugs" enoxacin,
nalidixic acid (quninolone)
What are the penicillins and penicillinase-resistant ABTs? - ANSW - Penicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
- Nafcillin
- Oxacillin
What are sulfonamides? - ANSW Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Sulfisoxazole Sulfadiazine
Cotrimoxazole
