West Coast EMT Block 2 Study Guide
Graded A
electrical conduction of the heart ✔✔The flow of electrical current causes smooth, coordinated
heart contractions; they produce pumping action of the heart
Depolarization ✔✔electrical charges on the surface of the muscle cell change from positive to
negative
Repolarization ✔✔the heart returns to its resting state, and the positive charge is restored to the
surface
Where do the electrical impulses begin? ✔✔Electrical impulses begin high in the atria in the
sinoatrial node, travel to the atrioventricular node and bundle of His, and then move through the
Purkinje fibers to the ventricles
Three types of muscle ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle ✔✔Voluntary muscle/Striated muscle (characteristic stripes): Movement of the
body like waving or walking/ Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton
,Smooth muscle ✔✔Found within blood vessels and intestines
Cardiac muscle ✔✔found only within the heart and is able to create and conduct its own
electrical impulses
Ligaments ✔✔Connect bone to bone
Tendons ✔✔Ropelike structures that connect muscles to bones
Cartilage ✔✔Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at mobile joints
Anatomy of lower airway: delivers oxygen to alveoli ✔✔Trachea (windpipe): conduit for air
entry into the lungs; divides at the carina into two main stem bronchi, right and left
Bronchioles: dilate and constrict as oxygen passes through them
Small bronchioles connect to alveoli: site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
, Thyroid cartilage (adam's apple): forms the anterior part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage: immediately below the thyroid
Cricothyroid membrane
Anatomy of upper airway ✔✔Nose, Mouth (Oral Cavity), Jaw (mandible), Tongue, Pharynx,
and Larynx (Voice Box)
The Larynx ✔✔Does not tolerate any foreign or liquid material and any contact will result in a
violent episode of coughing
The nose and mouth lead to the? ✔✔Oropharynx (throat)
The pharynx is composed of the? ✔✔nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The nostrils lead to the? ✔✔Nasopharynx (above the roof of the mouth and soft palate)
Graded A
electrical conduction of the heart ✔✔The flow of electrical current causes smooth, coordinated
heart contractions; they produce pumping action of the heart
Depolarization ✔✔electrical charges on the surface of the muscle cell change from positive to
negative
Repolarization ✔✔the heart returns to its resting state, and the positive charge is restored to the
surface
Where do the electrical impulses begin? ✔✔Electrical impulses begin high in the atria in the
sinoatrial node, travel to the atrioventricular node and bundle of His, and then move through the
Purkinje fibers to the ventricles
Three types of muscle ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle ✔✔Voluntary muscle/Striated muscle (characteristic stripes): Movement of the
body like waving or walking/ Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton
,Smooth muscle ✔✔Found within blood vessels and intestines
Cardiac muscle ✔✔found only within the heart and is able to create and conduct its own
electrical impulses
Ligaments ✔✔Connect bone to bone
Tendons ✔✔Ropelike structures that connect muscles to bones
Cartilage ✔✔Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at mobile joints
Anatomy of lower airway: delivers oxygen to alveoli ✔✔Trachea (windpipe): conduit for air
entry into the lungs; divides at the carina into two main stem bronchi, right and left
Bronchioles: dilate and constrict as oxygen passes through them
Small bronchioles connect to alveoli: site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
, Thyroid cartilage (adam's apple): forms the anterior part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage: immediately below the thyroid
Cricothyroid membrane
Anatomy of upper airway ✔✔Nose, Mouth (Oral Cavity), Jaw (mandible), Tongue, Pharynx,
and Larynx (Voice Box)
The Larynx ✔✔Does not tolerate any foreign or liquid material and any contact will result in a
violent episode of coughing
The nose and mouth lead to the? ✔✔Oropharynx (throat)
The pharynx is composed of the? ✔✔nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The nostrils lead to the? ✔✔Nasopharynx (above the roof of the mouth and soft palate)
