BIO260 Week 9 Case Studies: Renal/Urologic disorders 2023/24

BIO260 Week 9 Case Studies: Renal/Urologic disorders Case Study 1: Samantha, a 16-year-old female, presents to an urgent care clinic with a low-grade fever, headache, dark urine and swelling around her eyes (peri-orbital edema). She reports a recent weight gain of 15lbs. Three weeks prior to her visit, she had a sore throat and fever which lasted for a week. Current Vitals: 38ºC, HR: 96, BP: 160/100 Urine Dip: +WBC’s, +RBC’s, +Proteins and RBC casts present 1) What renal condition is this patient most likely experiencing? Acute glomerulonephritis 2) What is the pathophysiology of her illness? Condition either antibody attack the glomerulus and cause inflammation of the glomerulus or a circulating antibody- antigen complex that is circulating in the bloodstream and clot up the glomerulus. Kidney disorder that occurs after infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria. 3) What is the rationale behind the patient’s headache, edema, weight gain, and elevated blood pressure? The problem is due to the excess fluid. Kidney cannot filter fluids correctly and this led to an increase in blood pressure, causing the edema and water wight gain. Case Study 2: Hailey, a 5 year-old child, arrives with her mother to a rural Utah clinic. The mother states the child is "swollen all over" and has not been eating well for the past 2 weeks. Examination of the child reveals a swollen face, arms and legs, BP 145/90 Urine testing reveals proteinuria of 5g/dL in 24 hours, clear results otherwise Blood work shows: albumin: 18g/L (normal =34-54g/L), elevated serum lipids/cholesterol, CR: 4.2 mg/dL 4) What is the likely pathophysiology? Nephrotic syndrome. Is a kidney disorder that causes your body pass too much protein into the urine. . . . . . .