Chapter 03: Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family Test Bank for Wong's Nursing Care of Infants And Children 11th Edition by Hockenberry

TEST BANK FOR WONG'S NURSING CARE OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN 11TH EDITION BY HOCKENBERRY Chapter 03: Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which genetic term refers to a person who possesses one copy of an affected gene and one copy of an unaffected gene and is clinically unaffected? a. Allele b. Carrier c. Pedigree d. Multifactorial ANS: B An individual who is a carrier is asymptomatic but possesses a genetic alteration, either in the form of a gene or chromosome change. Alleles are alternative expressions of genes at a different locus. A pedigree is a diagram that describes family relationships, gender, disease, status, or other relevant information about a family. Multifactorial describes a complex interaction of both genetic and environmental factors that produce an effect on the individual. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. Which genetic term refers to the transfer of all or part of a chromosome to a different chromosome after chromosome breakage? a. Trisomy b. Monosomy c. Translocation d. Nondisjunction ANS: C Translocation is the transfer of all or part of a chromosome to a different chromosome after chromosome breakage. It can be balanced, producing no phenotypic effects, or unbalanced, producing severe or lethal effects. Trisomy is an abnormal number of chromosomes caused by the presence of an extra chromosome, which is added to a given chromosome pair and results in a total of 47 chromosomes per cell. Monosomy is an abnormal number of chromosomes whereby the chromosome is represented by a single copy in a somatic cell. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. Which is a birth defect or disorder that occurs as a new case in a family and is not inherited? a. Sporadic b. Polygenic c. Monosomy d. Association ANS: A Sporadic describes a birth defect previously unidentified in a family. It is not inherited. Polygenic inheritance involves the inheritance of many genes at separate loci whose combined effects produce a given phenotype. Monosomy is an abnormal number of chromosomes whereby the chromosome is represented by a single copy in a somatic cell. A nonrandom cluster of malformations without a specific cause is an association. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. The nurse is assessing a neonate who was born 1 hour ago to healthy white parents in their early forties. Which finding should be most suggestive of Down syndrome? a. Hypertonia b. Low-set ears c. Micrognathia d. Long, thin fingers and toes ANS: B Children with Down syndrome have low-set ears. Infants with Down syndrome have hypotonia, not hypertonia. Micrognathia is common in trisomy 16, not Down syndrome. Children with Down syndrome have short hands with broad fingers. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. Which abnormality is a common sex chromosome defect? a. Down syndrome b. Turner syndrome c. Marfan syndrome d. Hemophilia ANS: B Turner syndrome is caused by an absence of one of the X chromosomes. Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 (three copies rather than two copies of chromosome 21). Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Hemophilia is a disorder of blood coagulation inherited in an Xlinked recessive pattern. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. Turner syndrome is suspected in an adolescent girl with short stature. What causes this? a. Absence of one of the X chromosomes b. Presence of an incomplete Y chromosome c. Precocious puberty in an otherwise healthy child d. Excess production of both androgens and estrogens