BIO 260 Week 6 Case Studies: Respiratory Disorders 2023/24

BIO 260 Week 6 Case Studies: Respiratory Disorders 2023/24 Case Study 1: Derek is an 18-yr-old patient who presents to the ER with symptoms of áSOB, wheezing and coughing for 5 days. Last week, he started a new job in a local pet store. Over the past 5 days, he began using his albuterol inhaler frequently (8x/day) PMHx: - Asthma since age 4 - Eczema - Allergic rhinitis - Occasional smoker - Hospitalized on 3 occasions for asthma exacerbations MEDS: - Albuterol inhaler - Ipratropium inhaler - Flovent inhaler Focused Physical Exam: - Moderate respiratory distress - Speaking in short sentences of 2-3 words - Bilateral expiatory wheezing to both lungs on auscultation Initial VS in ER: temp: 37ºC, HR: 115, BP: 155/90, RR: 26, O2 sat: 92% R/A An ABG was obtained: pH: 7.25, PaO2: 70, PaCO2: 25, HCO3: 30 1) What are the 2 key components in the pathophysiology of asthma? - Bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and mucous impaction. 2) List the structures in the upper and lower respiratory tract. - The upper respiratory tract (upper airway) consists of the nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx (upper section of the throat), and larynx. - The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs and within the lungs, the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. 3) Discuss 2 common conditions that affect the upper respiratory tract. -Pharyngitis – is an inflammation of the pharynx, resulting in a sore throat. -Sinusitis – A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages. 4) Discuss 2 common conditions that affect the lower respiratory tract. . . . . . . . .