Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant Test Bank for Wong's Nursing Care of Infants And Children 11th Edition by Hockenberry

TEST BANK FOR WONG'S NURSING CARE OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN 11TH EDITION BY HOCKENBERRY Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Rickets is caused by a deficiency in what? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Folic acid and iron d. Vitamin D and calcium ANS: D Fat-soluble vitamin D and calcium are necessary in adequate amounts to prevent rickets. No correlation exists between rickets and folic acid, iron, or vitamins A and C. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 2. Which factors will decrease iron absorption and should not be given at the same time as an iron supplement? a. Milk b. Fruit juice c. Multivitamin d. Meat, fish, poultry ANS: A Many foods interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided when iron is consumed. These foods include phosphates found in milk, phytates found in cereals, and oxalates found in many vegetables. Vitamin Ccontaining juices enhance the absorption of iron. Multivitamins may contain iron; no contraindication exists to taking the two together. Meat, fish, and poultry do not affect absorption. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 3. The nurse is helping parents achieve a more nutritionally adequate vegetarian diet for their children. Which is most likely lacking in their particular diet? a. Fat b. Protein c. Vitamins C and A d. Iron and calcium ANS: D Deficiencies can occur when various substances in the diet interact with minerals. For example, iron, zinc, and calcium can form insoluble complexes with phytates or oxalates (substances found in plant proteins), which impair the bioavailability of the mineral. This type of interaction is important in vegetarian diets because plant foods such as soy are high in phytates. Fat and vitamins C and A are readily available from vegetable sources. Plant proteins are available. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 4. A 1-year-old child is on a pure vegetarian (vegan) diet. This diet requires supplementation with what? a. Niacin b. Folic acid c. Vitamins D and B12 d. Vitamins C and E ANS: C Pure vegetarian (vegan) diets eliminate any food of animal origin, including milk and eggs. These diets require supplementation with many vitamins, especially vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Niacin, folic acid, and vitamins C and E are readily obtainable from foods of vegetable origin. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 5. What is marasmus? a. Deficiency of protein with an adequate supply of calories b. Syndrome that results solely from vitamin deficiencies c. Not confined to geographic areas where food supplies are inadequate d. Characterized by thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen resulting from edema (ascites) ANS: C Marasmus is a syndrome of emotional and physical deprivation. It is not confined to geographic areas were food supplies are inadequate. Marasmus is characterized by gradual wasting and atrophy of body tissues, especially of subcutaneous fat. The child appears old, with flabby and wrinkled skin. Marasmus is a deficiency of both protein and calories. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 6. At a well-child check-up, the nurse notes that an infant with a previous diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) is now steadily gaining weight. The nurse should recommend that fruit juice intake be limited to no more than how much? a. 4 oz/day b. 6 oz/day c. 8 oz/day d. 12 oz/day ANS: A Restrict juice intake in children with FTT until adequate weight gain has been achieved with appropriate milk sources; thereafter, give no more than 4 oz/day of juice. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 7. An infant has been diagnosed with an allergy to milk. In teaching the parent how to meet the infants nutritional needs, the nurse states that a. Most children will grow out of the allergy. b. All dairy products must be eliminated from the childs diet. c. It is important to have the entire family follow the special diet. d. Antihistamines can be used so the child can have milk products. ANS: A Approximately 80% of children with cows milk allergy develop tolerance by the fifth birthday. The child can have eggs. Any food that has milk as a component or filler is eliminated. These foods include processed meats, salad dressings, soups, and milk chocolate. Having the entire family follow the special diet would provide support for the child, but the nutritional needs of other family members must be addressed. Antihistamines are not used for food allergies. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 8. Lactose intolerance is diagnosed in an 11-month-old infant. Which should the nurse recommend as a milk substitute? a. Yogurt b. Ice cream c. Fortified cereal d. Cows milkbased formula