EPPP Study Guide 2023 with Complete
Solutions GRADED A+
repression - ANSWER-the most basic defense mechanism that underlies all others
procedures of analysis (psychoanalysis) - ANSWER-confrontation, clarification,
interpretation, working through
archetypes - ANSWER-universal mental structures that predispose people to react to
certain external circumstances in specific ways
object constancy development (Mahler) - ANSWER-normal autistic, normal symbiotic,
separation-individuation
Karen Horney - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; suggested that children adopt interpersonal
coping strategies (moving toward, against, or away from others) to defend against basic
anxiety
Harry Stack Sullivan - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; emphasized social and interpersonal
relationships; identified three models of cognitive experience that develop sequentially
in infancy (prototaxic mode, parataxic mode, syntaxic mode)
Erich Fromm - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; identified five character styles that a person
may adopt in response to the demands of society (receptive, exploitative, hoarding,
marketing, and productive)
ego-analysists - ANSWER-placed greater emphasis on current experience and helping
clients build more adaptive ego defenses; include Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, David
Rappaport, and Heinz Hartmann
Fritz Perls - ANSWER-Gestalt therapy (integrates concepts from psychoanalysis,
behaviorism, humanism, and Gestalt psychology); assumes that behavior is motivated
by a striving for homeostasis
Gestalt therapy boundary disturbances - ANSWER-introjection, projection, retroflection,
deflection, confluence
William Glasser - ANSWER-Reality Therapy; based on choice theory and the idea that
five basic needs motivates a person's choices (love and belonging, power, fun, freedom,
and survival); stages summarized by WDEP (wants, doing/direction, engage/evaluate,
positive plans)
,self-instructional training steps (Meichenbaum and Goodman) - ANSWER-cognitive
modeling, overt external guidance, overt self-guidance, faded overt self-guidance,
covert self-instruction
stress inoculation training phases (Meichenbaum) - ANSWER-conceptualization, skills
acquisition, application and follow-through
EMG biofeedback - ANSWER-muscle tension; good for tension headaches, chronic
pain, incontinence, and motor impairment due to CNS dysfunction
EEG biofeedback - ANSWER-brain wave activity; good for depression, anxiety, ADHD,
insomnia, seizures, chronic pain, and facilitating recovery for strokes and head injuries
thermal biofeedback - ANSWER-skin temperature; good for Raynaud's disease and
migraine headaches, especially when combined with autogenic training
Bowen - ANSWER-extended family systems therapy (also known as multigenerational
family therapy) with goal of helping each family member become more differentiated
while remaining connected to other family members
Minuchin - ANSWER-structural family therapy with goal to restructure the family so it's
better able to respond to stress; includes triangulation, detouring, and coalition
structural family therapy stages - ANSWER-joining, formulation, restructuring;
techniques include enactment, reframing, boundary marking, and unbalancing
Haley - ANSWER-strategic family therapy focuses on using strategies to resolve a
family's presenting families; direct and indirect directives, including reframing and
paradoxical interventions
Milan systemic family therapy - ANSWER-Mara Selvini Palazzoli assumed that
problematic behaviors of family members involve repetitive behavior interactions
(games) that maintain the family's state of homeostasis
Lazarus - ANSWER-multimodal therapy; primarily based on social-cognitive learning
theory and assesses seven modalities (BASIC ID)
multimodal therapy modalities - ANSWER-behavior, affect, sensation, imagery,
cognition, interpersonal relationships, and drugs/diet/exercise
Klerman and Weissman - ANSWER-IPT; used to treat depression, social anxiety,
PTSD, and bulimia and has roots in Bowlby's attachment theory and interpersonal
psychodynamic approaches of Meyer and Stack Sullivan
, Atkinson, Morton, and Sue Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model - ANSWER-
conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative
awareness
Cross Black Racial Identity Development Model - ANSWER-pre-encounter, encounter,
immersion-emersion, internalization, and internalization-commitment
Helms White Racial Identity Development Model - ANSWER-abandonment of racism
(contact, disintegration, reintegration) and defining a nonracist White identity (pseudo-
independence, immersion-emersion, autonomy)
LaFromboise, Trimble and Mohatt Network Therapy - ANSWER-utilizes relatives,
friends, and tribal members as a social support system for Native American clients
mainstream American worldview - ANSWER-internal locus of control and internal locus
of responsibility
integration orientation - ANSWER-retain own culture while also adopting dominant
culture
assimilation orientation - ANSWER-reject own culture and adopt dominant culture
separation orientation - ANSWER-retain own culture and reject dominant culture
marginalization orientation - ANSWER-reject own culture and dominant culture
primary prevention - ANSWER-implemented before a disorder develops to reduce its
incidence (drug prevention programs for HS students)
secondary prevention - ANSWER-involve providing early intervention to keep a problem
from becoming a full-blown disorder and aimed at individuals exhibiting early signs of a
disorder (screening tests to provide interventions to adolescent engaging in behaviors
predictive of drug abuse)
tertiary prevention - ANSWER-designed to prevent recurrence of a disorder and/or
reduce its debilitating effects (drug rehabilitation programs)
Smith, Glass, and Miller - ANSWER-first to perform a meta-analysis of psychotherapy
outcome studies and produced an average effect size of .85
Eysenck - ANSWER-1952; concluded that 72% of patients who did not receive therapy
improved; his review was widely criticized
phase model stages (Howard) - ANSWER-remoralization, remediation, and
rehabilitation
Solutions GRADED A+
repression - ANSWER-the most basic defense mechanism that underlies all others
procedures of analysis (psychoanalysis) - ANSWER-confrontation, clarification,
interpretation, working through
archetypes - ANSWER-universal mental structures that predispose people to react to
certain external circumstances in specific ways
object constancy development (Mahler) - ANSWER-normal autistic, normal symbiotic,
separation-individuation
Karen Horney - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; suggested that children adopt interpersonal
coping strategies (moving toward, against, or away from others) to defend against basic
anxiety
Harry Stack Sullivan - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; emphasized social and interpersonal
relationships; identified three models of cognitive experience that develop sequentially
in infancy (prototaxic mode, parataxic mode, syntaxic mode)
Erich Fromm - ANSWER-Neo-Freudian; identified five character styles that a person
may adopt in response to the demands of society (receptive, exploitative, hoarding,
marketing, and productive)
ego-analysists - ANSWER-placed greater emphasis on current experience and helping
clients build more adaptive ego defenses; include Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, David
Rappaport, and Heinz Hartmann
Fritz Perls - ANSWER-Gestalt therapy (integrates concepts from psychoanalysis,
behaviorism, humanism, and Gestalt psychology); assumes that behavior is motivated
by a striving for homeostasis
Gestalt therapy boundary disturbances - ANSWER-introjection, projection, retroflection,
deflection, confluence
William Glasser - ANSWER-Reality Therapy; based on choice theory and the idea that
five basic needs motivates a person's choices (love and belonging, power, fun, freedom,
and survival); stages summarized by WDEP (wants, doing/direction, engage/evaluate,
positive plans)
,self-instructional training steps (Meichenbaum and Goodman) - ANSWER-cognitive
modeling, overt external guidance, overt self-guidance, faded overt self-guidance,
covert self-instruction
stress inoculation training phases (Meichenbaum) - ANSWER-conceptualization, skills
acquisition, application and follow-through
EMG biofeedback - ANSWER-muscle tension; good for tension headaches, chronic
pain, incontinence, and motor impairment due to CNS dysfunction
EEG biofeedback - ANSWER-brain wave activity; good for depression, anxiety, ADHD,
insomnia, seizures, chronic pain, and facilitating recovery for strokes and head injuries
thermal biofeedback - ANSWER-skin temperature; good for Raynaud's disease and
migraine headaches, especially when combined with autogenic training
Bowen - ANSWER-extended family systems therapy (also known as multigenerational
family therapy) with goal of helping each family member become more differentiated
while remaining connected to other family members
Minuchin - ANSWER-structural family therapy with goal to restructure the family so it's
better able to respond to stress; includes triangulation, detouring, and coalition
structural family therapy stages - ANSWER-joining, formulation, restructuring;
techniques include enactment, reframing, boundary marking, and unbalancing
Haley - ANSWER-strategic family therapy focuses on using strategies to resolve a
family's presenting families; direct and indirect directives, including reframing and
paradoxical interventions
Milan systemic family therapy - ANSWER-Mara Selvini Palazzoli assumed that
problematic behaviors of family members involve repetitive behavior interactions
(games) that maintain the family's state of homeostasis
Lazarus - ANSWER-multimodal therapy; primarily based on social-cognitive learning
theory and assesses seven modalities (BASIC ID)
multimodal therapy modalities - ANSWER-behavior, affect, sensation, imagery,
cognition, interpersonal relationships, and drugs/diet/exercise
Klerman and Weissman - ANSWER-IPT; used to treat depression, social anxiety,
PTSD, and bulimia and has roots in Bowlby's attachment theory and interpersonal
psychodynamic approaches of Meyer and Stack Sullivan
, Atkinson, Morton, and Sue Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model - ANSWER-
conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative
awareness
Cross Black Racial Identity Development Model - ANSWER-pre-encounter, encounter,
immersion-emersion, internalization, and internalization-commitment
Helms White Racial Identity Development Model - ANSWER-abandonment of racism
(contact, disintegration, reintegration) and defining a nonracist White identity (pseudo-
independence, immersion-emersion, autonomy)
LaFromboise, Trimble and Mohatt Network Therapy - ANSWER-utilizes relatives,
friends, and tribal members as a social support system for Native American clients
mainstream American worldview - ANSWER-internal locus of control and internal locus
of responsibility
integration orientation - ANSWER-retain own culture while also adopting dominant
culture
assimilation orientation - ANSWER-reject own culture and adopt dominant culture
separation orientation - ANSWER-retain own culture and reject dominant culture
marginalization orientation - ANSWER-reject own culture and dominant culture
primary prevention - ANSWER-implemented before a disorder develops to reduce its
incidence (drug prevention programs for HS students)
secondary prevention - ANSWER-involve providing early intervention to keep a problem
from becoming a full-blown disorder and aimed at individuals exhibiting early signs of a
disorder (screening tests to provide interventions to adolescent engaging in behaviors
predictive of drug abuse)
tertiary prevention - ANSWER-designed to prevent recurrence of a disorder and/or
reduce its debilitating effects (drug rehabilitation programs)
Smith, Glass, and Miller - ANSWER-first to perform a meta-analysis of psychotherapy
outcome studies and produced an average effect size of .85
Eysenck - ANSWER-1952; concluded that 72% of patients who did not receive therapy
improved; his review was widely criticized
phase model stages (Howard) - ANSWER-remoralization, remediation, and
rehabilitation
