BKAT Critical Care Review Exam Updated 2023/2024 with 100% Correct Answers (actual exam questions)

BKAT Critical Care Review Exam Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - ANSWER 2-8 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - ANSWER 6-12 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - ANSWER 20-30 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - ANSWER 5-15 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - ANSWER 11-20 mmHg Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - ANSWER 800-1200 mmHg Preload - ANSWER volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole What is preload affected by? - ANSWER venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance What drugs can affect preload? - ANSWER Furosemide and nitroglycerin Afterload - ANSWER Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out What drugs may affect afterload? - ANSWER Vasoconstricters and vasodilators Contractility - ANSWER the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the preload out against the afterload What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - ANSWER 5-10 min What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - ANSWER Left ventricle What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - ANSWER Right ventricle What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - ANSWER Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or failure What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - ANSWER Fluid overload or decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD) Difference between stable and unstable angina - ANSWER Stable angina: pain happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest. Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts longer ECG changes with an acute MI? - ANSWER ST elevation or depression