FUNDAMENTALS
OF
NURSING
ASSESSMENT
QNS & ANS
VERSION 1
2023/2024
, 1. Describe the concept of Energy Conservation in the Gait cycle
Energy Conservation in the Gait cycle is the concept of minimizing the energy expenditure of
walking by reducing the vertical and horizontal displacement of the center of gravity (COG) and
maintaining dynamic stability across a range of speeds. There are six determinants of gait that
contribute to energy conservation: pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee flexion in stance, foot and ankle
motion, narrow base of support, and sinusoidal motion of the COG. These determinants lengthen or
shorten the limb at different phases of the gait cycle, creating a smooth and efficient movement
pattern. The gait cycle consists of two main phases: stance and swing. Stance phase is when the foot
is in contact with the ground and accounts for 60% of the gait cycle. Swing phase is when the foot is
off the ground and accounts for 40% of the gait cycle. Each phase can be further divided into
subphases that describe the position and motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, as well as the
power generation and absorption by the muscles. Energy conservation in the gait cycle is important
for maintaining functional mobility and preventing fatigue and injury.
2. A nurse is collecting data during the assessment of a patient. During the assessment, the nurse
collects both subjective and objective data. Which information should the nurse consider as
subjective data? Sharp, burning pain
3. A nurse develops a nursing diagnosis for a patient. What is the rationale for the nurses actions It
allows a nurse to develop an individualized plan of care.
4. A new nurse would like to work where clinical performance is valued and in an environment that
uses evidence-based practice. Given the new nurses goals, which organization would be the best for
this nurse? Magnet-designated hospital
5. A registered nurse (RN) works on a unit with other registered nurses, licensed practical nurses
(LPN), and nursing assistive technicians. Usually a RN, LPN, and nursing assistive technician
provide direct care for a group of patients. The RN coordinates all of the care the others provide.
OF
NURSING
ASSESSMENT
QNS & ANS
VERSION 1
2023/2024
, 1. Describe the concept of Energy Conservation in the Gait cycle
Energy Conservation in the Gait cycle is the concept of minimizing the energy expenditure of
walking by reducing the vertical and horizontal displacement of the center of gravity (COG) and
maintaining dynamic stability across a range of speeds. There are six determinants of gait that
contribute to energy conservation: pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee flexion in stance, foot and ankle
motion, narrow base of support, and sinusoidal motion of the COG. These determinants lengthen or
shorten the limb at different phases of the gait cycle, creating a smooth and efficient movement
pattern. The gait cycle consists of two main phases: stance and swing. Stance phase is when the foot
is in contact with the ground and accounts for 60% of the gait cycle. Swing phase is when the foot is
off the ground and accounts for 40% of the gait cycle. Each phase can be further divided into
subphases that describe the position and motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, as well as the
power generation and absorption by the muscles. Energy conservation in the gait cycle is important
for maintaining functional mobility and preventing fatigue and injury.
2. A nurse is collecting data during the assessment of a patient. During the assessment, the nurse
collects both subjective and objective data. Which information should the nurse consider as
subjective data? Sharp, burning pain
3. A nurse develops a nursing diagnosis for a patient. What is the rationale for the nurses actions It
allows a nurse to develop an individualized plan of care.
4. A new nurse would like to work where clinical performance is valued and in an environment that
uses evidence-based practice. Given the new nurses goals, which organization would be the best for
this nurse? Magnet-designated hospital
5. A registered nurse (RN) works on a unit with other registered nurses, licensed practical nurses
(LPN), and nursing assistive technicians. Usually a RN, LPN, and nursing assistive technician
provide direct care for a group of patients. The RN coordinates all of the care the others provide.
