Chapter 4: Chemistry for Physiology Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition

Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition Chapter 4: Chemistry for Physiology 4.1 Atoms and Molecules 1. The chemical formula C6H12O6 contains much information. However, what information is NOT provided by the formula? a. The number of atoms in a molecule b. The name of the substance c. The elements that make up the substance d. Whether the substance is covalent or ionic Answer is B: The name may be guessed at, but it is possible for two substances to have the same formula but a different structure. Glucose and fructose both have this formula. 2. Which of the particles listed below is the smallest? a. An atom b. A proton c. An ion d. A molecule Answer is B: A proton is a sub-atomic particle so is smaller than all of the others 3. The chemical for sodium is which of the following? a. Na b. So c. K d. Si Answer is A: Na is short for natrium which is the Latin name for sodium. 4. A molecular compound may be defined by which of the following? a. Atoms from non-metal elements covalently bonded b. Atoms from metal elements covalently bonded c. Atoms from metal elements and non-metal elements covalently bonded d. Atoms from non-metal elements ironically bonded Answer is A: Only non-metal elements are involved in covalent (molecular) bonding. 5. Many drugs are neutralised to form salts and administered in this form. What is the main advantage of administering the salt form of the drug? It is usually: a. Less toxic b. More soluble in water c. More pleasant to taste d. More soluble in lipid Answer is B: Salts, having particles that are electrically charged, are more likely to be soluble in water. 6. Which one of the following is INCORRECT? a. Metal atoms will form compounds with non-metal atoms. b. Metal atoms will form compounds with metal atoms. c. Non-metal atoms will form compounds with non-metal atoms. d. Metal atoms will not form compounds with metal atoms. Answer is B: Metal atoms can only form (ionic non-molecular) compounds with non-metal atoms. 7. Choose the correct statement about hydrogen bonds. a. They are stronger than covalent bonds. b. They act between the H in one –OH or –NH group, and the O or N in another. c. They operate within molecules. d. They act between the H in one –OH or –NH group, and the H in another. Answer is B: The slightly positive H atom in one molecule is attracted to the adjacent slightly negative O (or N). 8. Given that the atomic mass of nitrogen is 14 and of hydrogen is 1, what is the mass in grams of 1 mol of ammonia (NH3)? a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18 Answer is C: From the formula, there is one N and three H atoms. So (1 × 14) + (3 × 1) = 17. 9. Choose the ending that will correctly complete the sentence: When atoms of a metal element and atoms of a non-metal element react, the result is: a. A covalent compound consisting of molecules b. A covalent compound consisting of ions c. An ionic compound consisting of ions in a lattice d. An ionic compound consisting of molecules in a lattice Answer is C: Atoms of a metal element react with atoms of a non-metal element to form an ionic compound (ions held within a lattice when in solid form). 10. In a water molecule, the bond between oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) is: a. A covalent bond and a polar bond b. An ionic bond c. A covalent bond d. An ionic bond and forms an electrolyte Answer is A: As both atoms are non-metals, the bonding is covalent. As the atoms differ in their attraction for the bonding electrons, the bond is polar (the electrons are more closely attracted to O). 11. Some atoms of potassium, K, contain 19 protons and 20 neutrons in their nuclei. What is the correct symbol for these atoms? a. 3919K b. 2019K c. 3919K d. 2039K Answer is C: The number of protons (the atomic number) is written as a subscript. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons (the mass number) is written as a superscript. 12. The chemical elements can be divided into metal elements and non-metal elements. Which of the statements about metals and non-metals is correct? a. Metals lose electrons to become charged particles called cations. b. Most of the elements are non-metals. c. Non-metals are located at the left hand side of the periodic table. d. Metals have low melting points and are good conductors of heat.