Clinical Psychology- EPPP (Correct Answers)
Clinical Psychology Correct Answers- the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies Correct Answers- human behavior is
motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis Correct Answers- human beings are determined by irrational
forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and
psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory Correct Answers- composed of two theories: structural
(drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) Correct Answers- the personality is composed of three structures: the id, ego,
and superego
Id Correct Answers- present at birth and consists of the person's life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual
drives in order to avoid tension
Ego Correct Answers- develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is
available in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego Correct Answers- develops between four and five years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) Correct Answers- emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes that an
individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences
during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with
different personality outcomes
Oral Stage Correct Answers- Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth
to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the
primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage Correct Answers- Freud's second stage of psychosexual development
where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is
often thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage Correct Answers- Freud's third stage of personality development, from
about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the
genitals.
Latency Stage Correct Answers- Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development
where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with
their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
,Genital Stage Correct Answers- Freud's last stage of personality development, from the
onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood
resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms Correct Answers- occur when the ego is unable to ward off
danger through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between
the id and the superego)
Repression Correct Answers- defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded
from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation Correct Answers- defense mechanism in which one avoids an
anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) Correct Answers- maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious,
unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy Correct Answers- goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the
unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material
into the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify,
interpret, and work through
Free Associations Correct Answers- a method in psychotherapy where a patient is
encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and
report every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some
word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus
Psychic Determinism Correct Answers- belief that all behaviors are meaningful and
serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation Correct Answers- making statements that help the client see her behavior
in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification Correct Answers- restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer
terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation Correct Answers- more explicitly connecting current behavior to
unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to
consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through Correct Answers- following cathartic release of recalling unconscious
materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into his
personality
- longest stage of therapy
Transference Correct Answers- patient's response to the therapist's actual behavior and
attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning
, Countertransference Correct Answers- not just the therapist's distorted response to the
patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the
curative process
Assumptions of Alder's Individual Psychology Correct Answers- disagreed with
emphasis on role of unconscious instinctual forces
- states all behavior is goal directed and purposeful
- behavior is largely motivated by a person's future goals rather than past events
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Inferiority Correct Answers- develops during childhood as the result of real or percieved
biological, psychological, or social weakness
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Superiority Correct Answers- inherent tendency to stive toward "perfect completion"
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Style of Life Correct Answers- the ways a person chooses to compensate for inferiority
and achieve superiority determine this and impact a person's personality
- impacted by early experiences, such as family context
Healthy Style of Life
(Alder) Correct Answers- life is marked by goals that reflect optimism and confidence
and contributing to welfare of others
Unhealthy (Mistaken) Style of Life
(Alder) Correct Answers- life is characterized by self-centeredness, competativeness,
and striving for personal power
View of Pychopathology
(Alder) Correct Answers- metal disorders are characterized by maladaptive attempts to
compensate for feelings of inferiority, a preoccupation with achieving personal power,
and a lack of social interest
Alderian Therapy Correct Answers- therapy tries to understand patient's style of life and
reorient patient to a more adaptive life style
- uses lifestyle investigation to learn information about patient's family constellation,
hidden goals, and basic mistakes (distorted beliefs and attitudes)
Libido Correct Answers- general psychic energy
Assumptions of Jung's Analytical Psychotherapy Correct Answers- behavior is
determined not only by past events but also by future goals and aspirations
- personality is the consequence of both conscious and unconscious factors
- personality consists of two attitudes (extraversion and introversion) and four
psychological functions (thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting)
- personality develops throughout life
Personality Theory: Conscious
(Jung) Correct Answers- oriented toward the external world, governed by the ego, and
represents individual's thoughts, ideas, feelings, perceptions, and memories
Personality Theory: Personal Unconscious
(Jung) Correct Answers- contains experiences that were once conscious but are now
repressed or forgotten
Personality Theory: Collective Unconscious
(Jung) Correct Answers- latent memory traces that have been passed down from one
generation to the next
Clinical Psychology Correct Answers- the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies Correct Answers- human behavior is
motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis Correct Answers- human beings are determined by irrational
forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and
psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory Correct Answers- composed of two theories: structural
(drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) Correct Answers- the personality is composed of three structures: the id, ego,
and superego
Id Correct Answers- present at birth and consists of the person's life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual
drives in order to avoid tension
Ego Correct Answers- develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is
available in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego Correct Answers- develops between four and five years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) Correct Answers- emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes that an
individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences
during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with
different personality outcomes
Oral Stage Correct Answers- Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth
to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the
primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage Correct Answers- Freud's second stage of psychosexual development
where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is
often thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage Correct Answers- Freud's third stage of personality development, from
about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the
genitals.
Latency Stage Correct Answers- Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development
where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with
their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
,Genital Stage Correct Answers- Freud's last stage of personality development, from the
onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood
resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms Correct Answers- occur when the ego is unable to ward off
danger through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between
the id and the superego)
Repression Correct Answers- defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded
from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation Correct Answers- defense mechanism in which one avoids an
anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) Correct Answers- maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious,
unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy Correct Answers- goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the
unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material
into the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify,
interpret, and work through
Free Associations Correct Answers- a method in psychotherapy where a patient is
encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and
report every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some
word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus
Psychic Determinism Correct Answers- belief that all behaviors are meaningful and
serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation Correct Answers- making statements that help the client see her behavior
in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification Correct Answers- restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer
terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation Correct Answers- more explicitly connecting current behavior to
unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to
consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through Correct Answers- following cathartic release of recalling unconscious
materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into his
personality
- longest stage of therapy
Transference Correct Answers- patient's response to the therapist's actual behavior and
attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning
, Countertransference Correct Answers- not just the therapist's distorted response to the
patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the
curative process
Assumptions of Alder's Individual Psychology Correct Answers- disagreed with
emphasis on role of unconscious instinctual forces
- states all behavior is goal directed and purposeful
- behavior is largely motivated by a person's future goals rather than past events
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Inferiority Correct Answers- develops during childhood as the result of real or percieved
biological, psychological, or social weakness
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Superiority Correct Answers- inherent tendency to stive toward "perfect completion"
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Style of Life Correct Answers- the ways a person chooses to compensate for inferiority
and achieve superiority determine this and impact a person's personality
- impacted by early experiences, such as family context
Healthy Style of Life
(Alder) Correct Answers- life is marked by goals that reflect optimism and confidence
and contributing to welfare of others
Unhealthy (Mistaken) Style of Life
(Alder) Correct Answers- life is characterized by self-centeredness, competativeness,
and striving for personal power
View of Pychopathology
(Alder) Correct Answers- metal disorders are characterized by maladaptive attempts to
compensate for feelings of inferiority, a preoccupation with achieving personal power,
and a lack of social interest
Alderian Therapy Correct Answers- therapy tries to understand patient's style of life and
reorient patient to a more adaptive life style
- uses lifestyle investigation to learn information about patient's family constellation,
hidden goals, and basic mistakes (distorted beliefs and attitudes)
Libido Correct Answers- general psychic energy
Assumptions of Jung's Analytical Psychotherapy Correct Answers- behavior is
determined not only by past events but also by future goals and aspirations
- personality is the consequence of both conscious and unconscious factors
- personality consists of two attitudes (extraversion and introversion) and four
psychological functions (thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting)
- personality develops throughout life
Personality Theory: Conscious
(Jung) Correct Answers- oriented toward the external world, governed by the ego, and
represents individual's thoughts, ideas, feelings, perceptions, and memories
Personality Theory: Personal Unconscious
(Jung) Correct Answers- contains experiences that were once conscious but are now
repressed or forgotten
Personality Theory: Collective Unconscious
(Jung) Correct Answers- latent memory traces that have been passed down from one
generation to the next
