EPPP Exams (Correct Answers)
The best predictor of treatment outcomes among adult substance abusersCorrect
AnswersSeverity of substance abuse problems
Dementia due to head traumaCorrect AnswersAs described in DSM-IV, Dementia due
to Head Trauma is usually non-progressive when it is the result of a single head trauma.
If it is progressive, this usually indicates a superimposed condition (e.g.,
hydrocephalus).
Positive and negative life events are likely to have which of following types of effect on a
person's sense of satisfaction and well-being?Correct AnswersResearch suggests that
positive and negative life events can create great joy or distress but don't really affect a
person's long-term sense of satisfaction and well-being. Only recent life-events seem to
influence a person's well-being, and this effect drops off in about three months. For
example, lottery winners have not been found to be significantly happier than non-
winners.
According to Lenore Walker, which of the following best describes the dynamic that
keeps battered women "hooked" into their relationship with the batterer?Correct
AnswersLenore Walker describes a cycle of violence that involves three stags: tension
building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition. According to Walker, most of the
benefits of the relationship occur in the third stage, when the batterer offers apologies,
assurances that the attacks will never happen again, and declarations of love. The
relationship tends to remain stable when the balance between the costs of the abuse
and the benefits of the relationship are fairly similar. As violence escalates, the
relationship becomes more unstable, and the man escalates his charming behavior in
an attempt to restore stability.
The purpose of rotation in factor analysis is to facilitate interpretation of the factors.
RotationCorrect AnswersIn factor analysis, rotating the factors changes the factor
loadings for the variables and eigenvalue for each factor although the total of the
eigenvalues remains the same.
In Seligman's theory of learned optimism, a student with an optimistic attribution style
who fails an exam in a class which he usually does well in is most likely to say:Correct
AnswersIn Seligman's theory of learned optimism, attributions of optimistic people are
believed to be the opposite of attributions of depressed people. Since depressed people
make internal, stable, and global attributions to negative events, optimistic people would
tend to make external, unstable, and specific attributions in response to negative
events.
Choice D: the test was hard this time
Doctrine of Comparable WorthCorrect Answersstates that workers (in particular, men
and women) should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth. A job
evaluation is a method of determining the worth or value of jobs in an organization.
Thus, it is the best answer to this question, because it would be a way of comparing the
value of different jobs. Note that many critics believe that current methods of job
evaluation contain inherent gender biases. Statistics clearly show that women earn less
,than men, and some believe that one reason for this is that job evaluation methods
undervalue the work that women perform.
By the time an individual with what disorder reaches middle age, particularly the fourth
decade of life, the symptoms often become less evident or remit to no longer meeting all
the diagnostic criteria?Correct AnswersThe symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder
(APD), particularly criminal behaviors, often become less evident as an individual grows
older (DSM-TR-IV, p. 704). APD has a chronic course and while some symptoms like
criminal behaviors may decrease, other symptoms such as difficulties with interpersonal
relationships may persist.
Group Polarization refers to the tendency of groups to make decisions that are:Correct
Answersmore risky or more conservative than those that might be made by individual
members
Soloman four-group designCorrect Answersa true experimental design used to evaluate
the effects of pretesting, since some groups are pretested and others are not.
A MANOVA is used to statistically analyze data when:Correct Answersto analyze the
effects of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables that
are each measured on an interval or ratio scale
Factorial ANOVACorrect Answersis used to analyze data when a factorial design, which
includes two or more independent variables, is used and the dependent variable is
measured on an interval or ratio scale.
One-way ANOVACorrect Answersis used when a study has one independent variable
and more than two independent groups.
The split-plot (mixed) ANOVACorrect Answersis the appropriate technique when at
least one independent variable is a between-groups variable and another independent
variable is a within-subjects variable.
Larry P. v Riles caseCorrect AnswersThis was a California case related to the use of
standardized intelligence tests for assessing children for placement in special classes
for the mentally retarded. It's one of several famous cases and rulings which questioned
the validity of using these tests for this purpose. The ruling, which continues to be
challenged, banned the use of IQ tests in the placement of minority children in special
education classes.
Feminist TheoryCorrect Answers"When engaged in teaching or training, psychologists
present psychological information accurately and with a reasonable degree of
objectivity."
An advantage of using a MANOVA over multiple one-way ANOVAs isCorrect
AnswersWhen a study involves two or more dependent variables, data can be analyzed
with either multiple (one for each dependent variable) statistical tests (e.g., multiple one-
way ANOVAs) or one MANOVA. An advantage of the latter technique is that it reduces
the probability that at least one Type I error (incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis)
will be made. This is because the fewer statistical tests one conducts, the less likely it is
that a Type I error will occur. In an experiment that involves more than one comparison,
the probability of at least one Type I error is referred to as the experiment-wise error
rate.
CapitationCorrect AnswersThe term "capitation" refers to a fixed amount of money paid
per person, not by the visit or procedure. Managed care companies usually express
capitation in terms of cost per member per month. As stated in response "D," providers
, are paid a specific dollar amount, for a specific time period, to cover the service needs
of a specific number of people. If a provider exceeds his or her capitated payment, he or
she may not be able to cover his or her costs and, consequently, may limit his or her
services.
A major threat to internal validity of a time-series quasi-experiment would be:Correct
AnswersHistory. you take a number of measurements over time to get a longitudinal
baseline trend, then somewhere along the line you introduce your experimental
manipulation. If, following the manipulation, you see the trend change, you can infer that
your intervention caused the change. But a major threat to the internal validity of this
design is a historical event which could co-occur with your experimental manipulation.
You'd have no control over these events and they could be a rival explanation for
changes in your measurements.
ScaffoldingCorrect AnswersVygotsky - refers to the temporary support that parents,
teachers, and more experienced children give to a child to help him/her do a task or
acquire a skill
Transvestic fetishismCorrect AnswersTransvetic Fetishism is diagnosed when a
heterosexual male has recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or
behaviors involving cross dressing
ExhibitionismCorrect Answersinvolves the exposing of one's genitals to an unsuspecting
stranger
TransvestismCorrect Answersis not a DSM-IV term
Gender identity disorderCorrect Answersincludes a strong and persistent cross-gender
identification with evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other areas of functioning.
Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that which of the following clients would be most
likely to report benefitting from psychotherapy?Correct AnswersAccording to the theory
of cognitive dissonance, a person is motivated to reduce the negative, aversive state
that results when his or her cognitions conflict with each other. From the perspective of
this theory, the poor client paying a very high fee would experience a state of
dissonance. Therefore, this client, more than those in the other responses, would be
motivated to believe that he or she is benefitting from therapy.
Patients with depression typically have:Correct AnswersResearch has found that
depression is most associated with a more rapid onset of REM sleep, decreased
percentage of slow wave sleep, and increased percentage of REM sleep. The research
also suggests that individuals with no prior history of depression but who have rapid
REM onset have an increased risk of developing depression.
BlockingCorrect AnswersBlocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a
second stimulus just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus
should acquire the properties of a CS from this procedure, that's not what happens.
Instead, the second stimulus does not produce a conditioned response. This is referred
to as blocking.
According to Piaget, when a child accommodates new information by forming new
schema or modifying an existing one, this results in:Correct AnswersAs defined by
Piaget, equilibration is a state of cognitive balance. The need for balance is what
motivates the individual to assimilate and accommodate new information.
The best predictor of treatment outcomes among adult substance abusersCorrect
AnswersSeverity of substance abuse problems
Dementia due to head traumaCorrect AnswersAs described in DSM-IV, Dementia due
to Head Trauma is usually non-progressive when it is the result of a single head trauma.
If it is progressive, this usually indicates a superimposed condition (e.g.,
hydrocephalus).
Positive and negative life events are likely to have which of following types of effect on a
person's sense of satisfaction and well-being?Correct AnswersResearch suggests that
positive and negative life events can create great joy or distress but don't really affect a
person's long-term sense of satisfaction and well-being. Only recent life-events seem to
influence a person's well-being, and this effect drops off in about three months. For
example, lottery winners have not been found to be significantly happier than non-
winners.
According to Lenore Walker, which of the following best describes the dynamic that
keeps battered women "hooked" into their relationship with the batterer?Correct
AnswersLenore Walker describes a cycle of violence that involves three stags: tension
building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition. According to Walker, most of the
benefits of the relationship occur in the third stage, when the batterer offers apologies,
assurances that the attacks will never happen again, and declarations of love. The
relationship tends to remain stable when the balance between the costs of the abuse
and the benefits of the relationship are fairly similar. As violence escalates, the
relationship becomes more unstable, and the man escalates his charming behavior in
an attempt to restore stability.
The purpose of rotation in factor analysis is to facilitate interpretation of the factors.
RotationCorrect AnswersIn factor analysis, rotating the factors changes the factor
loadings for the variables and eigenvalue for each factor although the total of the
eigenvalues remains the same.
In Seligman's theory of learned optimism, a student with an optimistic attribution style
who fails an exam in a class which he usually does well in is most likely to say:Correct
AnswersIn Seligman's theory of learned optimism, attributions of optimistic people are
believed to be the opposite of attributions of depressed people. Since depressed people
make internal, stable, and global attributions to negative events, optimistic people would
tend to make external, unstable, and specific attributions in response to negative
events.
Choice D: the test was hard this time
Doctrine of Comparable WorthCorrect Answersstates that workers (in particular, men
and women) should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth. A job
evaluation is a method of determining the worth or value of jobs in an organization.
Thus, it is the best answer to this question, because it would be a way of comparing the
value of different jobs. Note that many critics believe that current methods of job
evaluation contain inherent gender biases. Statistics clearly show that women earn less
,than men, and some believe that one reason for this is that job evaluation methods
undervalue the work that women perform.
By the time an individual with what disorder reaches middle age, particularly the fourth
decade of life, the symptoms often become less evident or remit to no longer meeting all
the diagnostic criteria?Correct AnswersThe symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder
(APD), particularly criminal behaviors, often become less evident as an individual grows
older (DSM-TR-IV, p. 704). APD has a chronic course and while some symptoms like
criminal behaviors may decrease, other symptoms such as difficulties with interpersonal
relationships may persist.
Group Polarization refers to the tendency of groups to make decisions that are:Correct
Answersmore risky or more conservative than those that might be made by individual
members
Soloman four-group designCorrect Answersa true experimental design used to evaluate
the effects of pretesting, since some groups are pretested and others are not.
A MANOVA is used to statistically analyze data when:Correct Answersto analyze the
effects of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables that
are each measured on an interval or ratio scale
Factorial ANOVACorrect Answersis used to analyze data when a factorial design, which
includes two or more independent variables, is used and the dependent variable is
measured on an interval or ratio scale.
One-way ANOVACorrect Answersis used when a study has one independent variable
and more than two independent groups.
The split-plot (mixed) ANOVACorrect Answersis the appropriate technique when at
least one independent variable is a between-groups variable and another independent
variable is a within-subjects variable.
Larry P. v Riles caseCorrect AnswersThis was a California case related to the use of
standardized intelligence tests for assessing children for placement in special classes
for the mentally retarded. It's one of several famous cases and rulings which questioned
the validity of using these tests for this purpose. The ruling, which continues to be
challenged, banned the use of IQ tests in the placement of minority children in special
education classes.
Feminist TheoryCorrect Answers"When engaged in teaching or training, psychologists
present psychological information accurately and with a reasonable degree of
objectivity."
An advantage of using a MANOVA over multiple one-way ANOVAs isCorrect
AnswersWhen a study involves two or more dependent variables, data can be analyzed
with either multiple (one for each dependent variable) statistical tests (e.g., multiple one-
way ANOVAs) or one MANOVA. An advantage of the latter technique is that it reduces
the probability that at least one Type I error (incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis)
will be made. This is because the fewer statistical tests one conducts, the less likely it is
that a Type I error will occur. In an experiment that involves more than one comparison,
the probability of at least one Type I error is referred to as the experiment-wise error
rate.
CapitationCorrect AnswersThe term "capitation" refers to a fixed amount of money paid
per person, not by the visit or procedure. Managed care companies usually express
capitation in terms of cost per member per month. As stated in response "D," providers
, are paid a specific dollar amount, for a specific time period, to cover the service needs
of a specific number of people. If a provider exceeds his or her capitated payment, he or
she may not be able to cover his or her costs and, consequently, may limit his or her
services.
A major threat to internal validity of a time-series quasi-experiment would be:Correct
AnswersHistory. you take a number of measurements over time to get a longitudinal
baseline trend, then somewhere along the line you introduce your experimental
manipulation. If, following the manipulation, you see the trend change, you can infer that
your intervention caused the change. But a major threat to the internal validity of this
design is a historical event which could co-occur with your experimental manipulation.
You'd have no control over these events and they could be a rival explanation for
changes in your measurements.
ScaffoldingCorrect AnswersVygotsky - refers to the temporary support that parents,
teachers, and more experienced children give to a child to help him/her do a task or
acquire a skill
Transvestic fetishismCorrect AnswersTransvetic Fetishism is diagnosed when a
heterosexual male has recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or
behaviors involving cross dressing
ExhibitionismCorrect Answersinvolves the exposing of one's genitals to an unsuspecting
stranger
TransvestismCorrect Answersis not a DSM-IV term
Gender identity disorderCorrect Answersincludes a strong and persistent cross-gender
identification with evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other areas of functioning.
Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that which of the following clients would be most
likely to report benefitting from psychotherapy?Correct AnswersAccording to the theory
of cognitive dissonance, a person is motivated to reduce the negative, aversive state
that results when his or her cognitions conflict with each other. From the perspective of
this theory, the poor client paying a very high fee would experience a state of
dissonance. Therefore, this client, more than those in the other responses, would be
motivated to believe that he or she is benefitting from therapy.
Patients with depression typically have:Correct AnswersResearch has found that
depression is most associated with a more rapid onset of REM sleep, decreased
percentage of slow wave sleep, and increased percentage of REM sleep. The research
also suggests that individuals with no prior history of depression but who have rapid
REM onset have an increased risk of developing depression.
BlockingCorrect AnswersBlocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a
second stimulus just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus
should acquire the properties of a CS from this procedure, that's not what happens.
Instead, the second stimulus does not produce a conditioned response. This is referred
to as blocking.
According to Piaget, when a child accommodates new information by forming new
schema or modifying an existing one, this results in:Correct AnswersAs defined by
Piaget, equilibration is a state of cognitive balance. The need for balance is what
motivates the individual to assimilate and accommodate new information.
