EPPP – Diagnosis (Correct Answers)
"The DSM is in nature and, as such, only addresses the etiology of disorders for which
the cause is clearly known (e.g., PTSD)."Correct AnswersAtheoretical
"Regarding multiaxial assessment, identify and describe the 5 axes used with each
individual diagnosis."Correct AnswersAxis I: Clinical disorders and other conditions that
may be a focus of clinical attention; Axis II: Mental retardation and personality disorders;
Axis III: General medical conditions; Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems;
Axis V: GAF
"The DSM-IV-TR defines as a ""clinically significant behavioral or psychological
syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and is associated with present
distress... disability... or with a significant increased risk ofsuffering death, pain
disability, or important loss of freedom..."""Correct AnswersMental disorder
"When a therapist applies diagnoses for a person on both Axis I and Axis II, what words
should be used to emphasize theone that is the focus of treatment?"Correct
AnswersPrinciple Diagnosis (or Reason for Visit)
Routinely used defense mechanisms and maladaptive personality traits that are not
pervasive enough to qualifyfor a personality disorder can be recorded on what axis?
Correct AnswersAxis II
True or False: A therapist should not consider impairment caused by a client's physical
or environmental limitations when using the GAF scale (Axis V)?Correct AnswersTrue
"The DSM-IV-TR takes a approach to mental disorder diagnosis, classifying a person as
either meeting or not meeting a disorder's given criteria. This differs from aCorrect
Answersapproach, which quantifies a persons symptoms rather than classifying them."
Categorical;dimensional
"This diagnosis requires the following three criteria: (1) Significantly sub-average
intellectual functioning, (2) concurrent impairments or deficits in at least 2 areas of
adaptive functioning, and (3) onset before age 18."Correct AnswersMentalRetardation
"What are the 4 degrees of mental retardation and their correspondingIQ scores, as
defined by the DSM?"Correct AnswersMild (IQ = 50-55 to 70); Moderate (IQ = 35-40
to50-55); Severe (IQ =20-25 to 35-40);Profound (IQ = 20-25 orbelow)
"People with this degree of mental retardation are able to develop social and
communication skills during childhood, acquire about a 6th grade level of academic
skills, and are able to work and live independently as adults."Correct AnswersMild
Retardation (85% of all mentallyretarded people)
"With this level of mental retardation, people may require guidance and some
supervision in social and occupational settings; they usually have no more than a 2nd
grade academic level; and as adults, they can contribute to their own support by
performing unskilled orsemiskilled work under close supervision."Correct
AnswersModerate Retardation (10% of all mentally retarded people)
"People with this degree of mental retardation have poor motor skills and
communication skills as a child, though may learn to talk and can be trained in simple
hygiene tasks; and they are often able to performsimple tasks as a adults, often living in
highly supervised settings (e.g., group homes, with family)."Correct AnswersSevere
Retardation (3-4% of all mentally retarded people)
,"At this level of mental retardation, people demonstrate extreme limitations in motor and
sensory function; require highly structured environments, usually assisted by a
caregiver; and can sometimes perform simple tasks under close supervision in a
shelteredworkshop."Correct AnswersProfound Retardation (1-2% of all mentally
retarded people)
What biological antecedent to mental retardation is caused by a lack of the enzyme
necessary to oxidize phenylalanine (and amino acid in protein foods)?Correct
AnswersPhenylketonuria(PKU)
"This biological cause of mental retardation occurs due to a faulty distribution of
chromosomes when the egg or sperm is formed, leavingthe person with 47 rather
than46 chromosomes."Correct AnswersDown's Syndrome (aka Trisomy-21)
" retardation is often related to early deprivation of nurturance, deficiencies in health
care, early deficiencies in social, cognitive, and other stimulation, and poverty."Correct
AnswersCultural-familial
"What disorder is characterized by delayed or abnormal functioning in: social
interaction, language as used in social communication, orsymbolic or imaginative play
by age 3?"Correct AnswersAutismDisorder
"True or False: As people with Autism grow older, they may become more interested in
developing relationships, which is usually absent in Autistic children?"Correct
AnswersTrue- though they usually do not understand the customs that regulate social
interaction
What is the term used to define a person's tendency to repeat the words or phrases of
others?Correct AnswersEcholalia
What form of therapy has been shown to be fairly successful in treating people with
Autism?Correct Answers"Behavioral therapy, particularly techniques such as shaping
and operant conditioning, has helped people with Autism replace abnormal behaviors
with more desirable ones"
"The core feature of this disorder is a progressive pattern of developmental regression
that begins before age 4 and is characterized by decelerated head growth, loss of hand
skills, lack of bodily coordination, severe deficiencies in overall language development,
psychomotor retardation, and lacking social interest."Correct AnswersRett's Disorder
(only been found in females)
"People with experience a significant loss of developed skills (language, social, adaptive
behavior, bowel/bladder control, play, and/or motor) after 2 or more years of seemingly
normal development."Correct AnswersChildhood Disintegrative Disorder (similar
social/communication and behavior to those with Autism)
What are the significant differences between a person with Autism and a person with
Asperger's Disorder?Correct Answers"While both involve deficits in social interaction
and behavior, people with Asperger's show no impairment in language development,
self-help skills, cognitive development, or interest in the environment"
What are the 3Learning Disordersdescribed in theDSM?Correct Answers"Reading
Disorder, Mathematics Disorder, and Disorder of Written Expression"
"True or False: Learning disorders cannot be caused by mental retardation, but mental
retardation can beco-diagnosed with a learning disorder?"Correct AnswersTrue
"A person with is able to read regularly spelled words, but unable to decipher words
spelled irregularly (e.g., reads ""fight"" as ""fit""); a person withmight produce responses
, that are related to the target word in meaning but not visually or phonologically
(e.g.,substitutes ""down"" for ""up"" or ""hot"" for ""cold""), which is referred to as
""semantic paralexia."""Correct AnswersSurface dyslexia;deep dyslexia
"What condition involves inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation
of liquid in the middle ear cleft and is said to cause cerebellar-vestibular dysfunction,
which has been linked to the development of learning disorders?"Correct AnswersOtitis
Media with Effusion (OME)
"After administering a battery of standardized tests of intelligence to a client, results
reveal severe deficits in both receptive and expressive language development, while the
client's performance on nonverbal measures are considerably higher. What is the likely
diagnosis?"Correct AnswersMixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
This diagnosis would likely apply when a person's academic/occupational or social
abilities areimpeded by their inappropriate use of speech sounds.Correct
AnswersPhonologicalDisorder
"While considered ""normal childhood dysfluency"" when it occurs in young children, is
said to be aggravated by tension or anxiety in more mature individuals."Correct
AnswersStuttering
A young person whose scholastic achievement is impeded by abnormal clumsiness
would likely receive a diagnosis of .Correct AnswersMotor Skills Disorder
"The 3 types of ADHD include , which is characterized by 6 or more symptoms of
inattention and 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsiveness;Correct Answers,
which is diagnoses when a person has 6 or more symptoms of inattention but fewer
than 6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsiveness; and, which is characterized by 6 or
more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsiveness butfewer than 6 symptoms of
inattention." Combined; Predominantly Inattentive; Predominantly Hyperactivity-
Impulsive
"Onset of symptoms must be before what age, and for what duration, in order to assign
an ADHD diagnosis?"Correct Answers"7 y/o and for a duration of at least 6 months;
also, symptoms must be present in 2 or more settings"
What are common comorbid problems experienced by children and adolescents
diagnosed with ADHD?Correct Answers"50% meet criteria for Conduct Disorder, 25%
have emotional disorder, 20% have Learning Disorder, and others experience social
maladjustment, motorincoordination, and visual/audio impairments"
True or False: Children classified as ADHD tend to become delinquent and antisocial
young adults?Correct AnswersTrue- about 70% exhibit signs of ADHD throughout their
lives
What personality characteristics have been noted to develop as a result of untreated
ADHD?Correct AnswersNarcissism and passive-aggressive traits (usually subside
onceADHD is treated)
"ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in the by research that found diminished
glucose metabolism and decreased blood flow inthis region, as well as pathways
connecting this region to the caudate nucleus."Correct AnswersPrefrontal cortex
True or False: There is no genetic link regarding ADHD?Correct Answers"False- about
57% of children whose parents have ADHD are later diagnosed, while twin studies have
revealed a.80 average heritability for hyperactivity/impulsivity"
"The DSM is in nature and, as such, only addresses the etiology of disorders for which
the cause is clearly known (e.g., PTSD)."Correct AnswersAtheoretical
"Regarding multiaxial assessment, identify and describe the 5 axes used with each
individual diagnosis."Correct AnswersAxis I: Clinical disorders and other conditions that
may be a focus of clinical attention; Axis II: Mental retardation and personality disorders;
Axis III: General medical conditions; Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems;
Axis V: GAF
"The DSM-IV-TR defines as a ""clinically significant behavioral or psychological
syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and is associated with present
distress... disability... or with a significant increased risk ofsuffering death, pain
disability, or important loss of freedom..."""Correct AnswersMental disorder
"When a therapist applies diagnoses for a person on both Axis I and Axis II, what words
should be used to emphasize theone that is the focus of treatment?"Correct
AnswersPrinciple Diagnosis (or Reason for Visit)
Routinely used defense mechanisms and maladaptive personality traits that are not
pervasive enough to qualifyfor a personality disorder can be recorded on what axis?
Correct AnswersAxis II
True or False: A therapist should not consider impairment caused by a client's physical
or environmental limitations when using the GAF scale (Axis V)?Correct AnswersTrue
"The DSM-IV-TR takes a approach to mental disorder diagnosis, classifying a person as
either meeting or not meeting a disorder's given criteria. This differs from aCorrect
Answersapproach, which quantifies a persons symptoms rather than classifying them."
Categorical;dimensional
"This diagnosis requires the following three criteria: (1) Significantly sub-average
intellectual functioning, (2) concurrent impairments or deficits in at least 2 areas of
adaptive functioning, and (3) onset before age 18."Correct AnswersMentalRetardation
"What are the 4 degrees of mental retardation and their correspondingIQ scores, as
defined by the DSM?"Correct AnswersMild (IQ = 50-55 to 70); Moderate (IQ = 35-40
to50-55); Severe (IQ =20-25 to 35-40);Profound (IQ = 20-25 orbelow)
"People with this degree of mental retardation are able to develop social and
communication skills during childhood, acquire about a 6th grade level of academic
skills, and are able to work and live independently as adults."Correct AnswersMild
Retardation (85% of all mentallyretarded people)
"With this level of mental retardation, people may require guidance and some
supervision in social and occupational settings; they usually have no more than a 2nd
grade academic level; and as adults, they can contribute to their own support by
performing unskilled orsemiskilled work under close supervision."Correct
AnswersModerate Retardation (10% of all mentally retarded people)
"People with this degree of mental retardation have poor motor skills and
communication skills as a child, though may learn to talk and can be trained in simple
hygiene tasks; and they are often able to performsimple tasks as a adults, often living in
highly supervised settings (e.g., group homes, with family)."Correct AnswersSevere
Retardation (3-4% of all mentally retarded people)
,"At this level of mental retardation, people demonstrate extreme limitations in motor and
sensory function; require highly structured environments, usually assisted by a
caregiver; and can sometimes perform simple tasks under close supervision in a
shelteredworkshop."Correct AnswersProfound Retardation (1-2% of all mentally
retarded people)
What biological antecedent to mental retardation is caused by a lack of the enzyme
necessary to oxidize phenylalanine (and amino acid in protein foods)?Correct
AnswersPhenylketonuria(PKU)
"This biological cause of mental retardation occurs due to a faulty distribution of
chromosomes when the egg or sperm is formed, leavingthe person with 47 rather
than46 chromosomes."Correct AnswersDown's Syndrome (aka Trisomy-21)
" retardation is often related to early deprivation of nurturance, deficiencies in health
care, early deficiencies in social, cognitive, and other stimulation, and poverty."Correct
AnswersCultural-familial
"What disorder is characterized by delayed or abnormal functioning in: social
interaction, language as used in social communication, orsymbolic or imaginative play
by age 3?"Correct AnswersAutismDisorder
"True or False: As people with Autism grow older, they may become more interested in
developing relationships, which is usually absent in Autistic children?"Correct
AnswersTrue- though they usually do not understand the customs that regulate social
interaction
What is the term used to define a person's tendency to repeat the words or phrases of
others?Correct AnswersEcholalia
What form of therapy has been shown to be fairly successful in treating people with
Autism?Correct Answers"Behavioral therapy, particularly techniques such as shaping
and operant conditioning, has helped people with Autism replace abnormal behaviors
with more desirable ones"
"The core feature of this disorder is a progressive pattern of developmental regression
that begins before age 4 and is characterized by decelerated head growth, loss of hand
skills, lack of bodily coordination, severe deficiencies in overall language development,
psychomotor retardation, and lacking social interest."Correct AnswersRett's Disorder
(only been found in females)
"People with experience a significant loss of developed skills (language, social, adaptive
behavior, bowel/bladder control, play, and/or motor) after 2 or more years of seemingly
normal development."Correct AnswersChildhood Disintegrative Disorder (similar
social/communication and behavior to those with Autism)
What are the significant differences between a person with Autism and a person with
Asperger's Disorder?Correct Answers"While both involve deficits in social interaction
and behavior, people with Asperger's show no impairment in language development,
self-help skills, cognitive development, or interest in the environment"
What are the 3Learning Disordersdescribed in theDSM?Correct Answers"Reading
Disorder, Mathematics Disorder, and Disorder of Written Expression"
"True or False: Learning disorders cannot be caused by mental retardation, but mental
retardation can beco-diagnosed with a learning disorder?"Correct AnswersTrue
"A person with is able to read regularly spelled words, but unable to decipher words
spelled irregularly (e.g., reads ""fight"" as ""fit""); a person withmight produce responses
, that are related to the target word in meaning but not visually or phonologically
(e.g.,substitutes ""down"" for ""up"" or ""hot"" for ""cold""), which is referred to as
""semantic paralexia."""Correct AnswersSurface dyslexia;deep dyslexia
"What condition involves inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation
of liquid in the middle ear cleft and is said to cause cerebellar-vestibular dysfunction,
which has been linked to the development of learning disorders?"Correct AnswersOtitis
Media with Effusion (OME)
"After administering a battery of standardized tests of intelligence to a client, results
reveal severe deficits in both receptive and expressive language development, while the
client's performance on nonverbal measures are considerably higher. What is the likely
diagnosis?"Correct AnswersMixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
This diagnosis would likely apply when a person's academic/occupational or social
abilities areimpeded by their inappropriate use of speech sounds.Correct
AnswersPhonologicalDisorder
"While considered ""normal childhood dysfluency"" when it occurs in young children, is
said to be aggravated by tension or anxiety in more mature individuals."Correct
AnswersStuttering
A young person whose scholastic achievement is impeded by abnormal clumsiness
would likely receive a diagnosis of .Correct AnswersMotor Skills Disorder
"The 3 types of ADHD include , which is characterized by 6 or more symptoms of
inattention and 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsiveness;Correct Answers,
which is diagnoses when a person has 6 or more symptoms of inattention but fewer
than 6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsiveness; and, which is characterized by 6 or
more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsiveness butfewer than 6 symptoms of
inattention." Combined; Predominantly Inattentive; Predominantly Hyperactivity-
Impulsive
"Onset of symptoms must be before what age, and for what duration, in order to assign
an ADHD diagnosis?"Correct Answers"7 y/o and for a duration of at least 6 months;
also, symptoms must be present in 2 or more settings"
What are common comorbid problems experienced by children and adolescents
diagnosed with ADHD?Correct Answers"50% meet criteria for Conduct Disorder, 25%
have emotional disorder, 20% have Learning Disorder, and others experience social
maladjustment, motorincoordination, and visual/audio impairments"
True or False: Children classified as ADHD tend to become delinquent and antisocial
young adults?Correct AnswersTrue- about 70% exhibit signs of ADHD throughout their
lives
What personality characteristics have been noted to develop as a result of untreated
ADHD?Correct AnswersNarcissism and passive-aggressive traits (usually subside
onceADHD is treated)
"ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in the by research that found diminished
glucose metabolism and decreased blood flow inthis region, as well as pathways
connecting this region to the caudate nucleus."Correct AnswersPrefrontal cortex
True or False: There is no genetic link regarding ADHD?Correct Answers"False- about
57% of children whose parents have ADHD are later diagnosed, while twin studies have
revealed a.80 average heritability for hyperactivity/impulsivity"
