Social Psychology- EPPP (Correct Answers)
Primacy EffectCorrect Answers- our impressions are usually swayed the most by
information received early in an interaction
False Consensus BiasCorrect Answers- overestimation of the degree to which the
beliefs and opinions of others are similar to our own
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Central TraitsCorrect Answers- certain
descriptions (e.g., a warm vs. cold person) influence impressions more than others
because they provide unique information and are associated with a large number of
other characteristics
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: SchemataCorrect Answers- organized mental
networks that are based on previous personal and social experiences and that are used
to judge or interpret current circumstances
- pay more attention to and have better recall for evidence that confirms our mental
networks
Illusory CorrelationCorrect Answers- belief that two characteristics, events, or variables
are related when they are not
- ex. believe a politician is dishonest based on schema for politicians
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Social ContextCorrect Answers- behaviors of
others tend to be perceived in a manner that is consistent with the social environment in
which they occurred
Rosenhan's Social Context StudyCorrect Answers- confederates who admitted
themselves to a psyc hospital were inappropriately diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Base Rate FallacyCorrect Answers- when
making probabilistic inferences about an event or characteristic, individuals rarely
consider the prior probability of that event but rely, instead, on case-specific information
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Representativeness HeuristicCorrect
Answers- tendency to assume that an individual belongs to a certain category if s/he
has certain characteristics associated with that category
AttributionCorrect Answers- the process of determining or inferring why a behavior
occurred
Dispositional vs Situational AttributesCorrect Answers- behavior can be attributed to the
person's internal characteristics or to situational, external characteristics
Stable vs Unstable AttributesCorrect Answers- behavior can be the result of enduring
factors (e.g., personality) or temporary factors (e.g., fatigue)
Specific vs Global AttributesCorrect Answers- behavior can be restricted to a limited
number of circumstances or may occur in many different situations
Fundamental Attribution BiasCorrect Answers- overestimate the role of internal factors
and underestimate the role of situational factors in a person's behavior
Actor-Observer EffectCorrect Answers- tendency to make different attributions about
our own behaviors vs those of others
- (we are more likely to attribute our own behaviors to situational factors, especially if
the consequences were negative)
Self-Serving BiasCorrect Answers- tendency to blame external factors for our failures
and take credit for our successes
- opposite (e.g., learned helplessness) occurs in individuals with depression
, AffiliationCorrect Answers- innate motive that contributes to the initiation and
maintenance of interpersonal relationships
- increases with anxiety and female gender
AttractionCorrect Answers- a special type of affiliation, liking
- we tend to like competent and intelligent people that occassionally make small
blunders
Gain-Loss EffectCorrect Answers- attraction is maximized when the person's evaluation
of us is initially negative, but then becomes positive
- most likely to occur when the person's change of opinion is gradual and reflects a true
change of heart
Social Exchange TheoryCorrect Answers- we are likely to stay in a relationship when
rewards exceed costs but leave when the costs are greater than the rewards
- may be more applicable with acquaintances than family and close friends
Equity TheoryCorrect Answers- more likely to stay in a relationship when our
reward/cost ratio is proportional to the reward/cost ratio of the other person
Emotion-in-Relationship ModelCorrect Answers- intense emotions are most often
elicited when one partner in the relationship disrupts everyday routines and interactions
(e.g., affair)
Self-Perception TheoryCorrect Answers- people identify their own internal states by
observing their external behaviors and/or the context in which those behaviors occur
Epinephrine Studies
(Schachter & Singer)Correct Answers- participants were injected with epinephrine to
cause mild physiological arousal
- those who were misinformed about the physiological arousal were more likely to model
a confederates mood (e.g., anger or euphoria)
- in ambiguous situations, people look at cues in the external environment to identify
their internal states
Overjustification HypothesisCorrect Answers- when an external reward is given to a
person for performing an intrinsically rewarding activity, the person's intrinsic interest in
the activity decreases
Social Comparison TheoryCorrect Answers- we frequently evaluate our own opionions
and behaviors by comparing ours to other people's opinions and behaviors
Self-Verification TheoryCorrect Answers- preference for accurate information from
others
- ex. partners with a negative self-view reported higher levels of commitment when
partners confirmed their negative self-perceptions
Self-MonitoringCorrect Answers- need for and ability to manage the impressions that
others have of you
- people high in this are concerned about their public self and strive to match their
attitudes and behaviors to the situation
Barnum Effect
(aka Forer Effect)Correct Answers- people tend to accept vague or general descriptions
as accurate descriptions of themselves (e.g., horiscopes)
Confirmation BiasCorrect Answers- people tend to pay attention only to informations
that supports their current beliefs
Primacy EffectCorrect Answers- our impressions are usually swayed the most by
information received early in an interaction
False Consensus BiasCorrect Answers- overestimation of the degree to which the
beliefs and opinions of others are similar to our own
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Central TraitsCorrect Answers- certain
descriptions (e.g., a warm vs. cold person) influence impressions more than others
because they provide unique information and are associated with a large number of
other characteristics
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: SchemataCorrect Answers- organized mental
networks that are based on previous personal and social experiences and that are used
to judge or interpret current circumstances
- pay more attention to and have better recall for evidence that confirms our mental
networks
Illusory CorrelationCorrect Answers- belief that two characteristics, events, or variables
are related when they are not
- ex. believe a politician is dishonest based on schema for politicians
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Social ContextCorrect Answers- behaviors of
others tend to be perceived in a manner that is consistent with the social environment in
which they occurred
Rosenhan's Social Context StudyCorrect Answers- confederates who admitted
themselves to a psyc hospital were inappropriately diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Base Rate FallacyCorrect Answers- when
making probabilistic inferences about an event or characteristic, individuals rarely
consider the prior probability of that event but rely, instead, on case-specific information
Factors that Affect Impression Formation: Representativeness HeuristicCorrect
Answers- tendency to assume that an individual belongs to a certain category if s/he
has certain characteristics associated with that category
AttributionCorrect Answers- the process of determining or inferring why a behavior
occurred
Dispositional vs Situational AttributesCorrect Answers- behavior can be attributed to the
person's internal characteristics or to situational, external characteristics
Stable vs Unstable AttributesCorrect Answers- behavior can be the result of enduring
factors (e.g., personality) or temporary factors (e.g., fatigue)
Specific vs Global AttributesCorrect Answers- behavior can be restricted to a limited
number of circumstances or may occur in many different situations
Fundamental Attribution BiasCorrect Answers- overestimate the role of internal factors
and underestimate the role of situational factors in a person's behavior
Actor-Observer EffectCorrect Answers- tendency to make different attributions about
our own behaviors vs those of others
- (we are more likely to attribute our own behaviors to situational factors, especially if
the consequences were negative)
Self-Serving BiasCorrect Answers- tendency to blame external factors for our failures
and take credit for our successes
- opposite (e.g., learned helplessness) occurs in individuals with depression
, AffiliationCorrect Answers- innate motive that contributes to the initiation and
maintenance of interpersonal relationships
- increases with anxiety and female gender
AttractionCorrect Answers- a special type of affiliation, liking
- we tend to like competent and intelligent people that occassionally make small
blunders
Gain-Loss EffectCorrect Answers- attraction is maximized when the person's evaluation
of us is initially negative, but then becomes positive
- most likely to occur when the person's change of opinion is gradual and reflects a true
change of heart
Social Exchange TheoryCorrect Answers- we are likely to stay in a relationship when
rewards exceed costs but leave when the costs are greater than the rewards
- may be more applicable with acquaintances than family and close friends
Equity TheoryCorrect Answers- more likely to stay in a relationship when our
reward/cost ratio is proportional to the reward/cost ratio of the other person
Emotion-in-Relationship ModelCorrect Answers- intense emotions are most often
elicited when one partner in the relationship disrupts everyday routines and interactions
(e.g., affair)
Self-Perception TheoryCorrect Answers- people identify their own internal states by
observing their external behaviors and/or the context in which those behaviors occur
Epinephrine Studies
(Schachter & Singer)Correct Answers- participants were injected with epinephrine to
cause mild physiological arousal
- those who were misinformed about the physiological arousal were more likely to model
a confederates mood (e.g., anger or euphoria)
- in ambiguous situations, people look at cues in the external environment to identify
their internal states
Overjustification HypothesisCorrect Answers- when an external reward is given to a
person for performing an intrinsically rewarding activity, the person's intrinsic interest in
the activity decreases
Social Comparison TheoryCorrect Answers- we frequently evaluate our own opionions
and behaviors by comparing ours to other people's opinions and behaviors
Self-Verification TheoryCorrect Answers- preference for accurate information from
others
- ex. partners with a negative self-view reported higher levels of commitment when
partners confirmed their negative self-perceptions
Self-MonitoringCorrect Answers- need for and ability to manage the impressions that
others have of you
- people high in this are concerned about their public self and strive to match their
attitudes and behaviors to the situation
Barnum Effect
(aka Forer Effect)Correct Answers- people tend to accept vague or general descriptions
as accurate descriptions of themselves (e.g., horiscopes)
Confirmation BiasCorrect Answers- people tend to pay attention only to informations
that supports their current beliefs
