LAT Laboratory Animal Technician Exam Questions And
Answers Solved 100% Correct!!
U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development
funds spent by college and university?
2/3
What information is important on grant applications to request funds?
Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant
literature and all procedures to be performed
What is the difference between NIH & NSF?
NIH: primary granting agency: academia, federal agencies, biomedical research
NSF: Basic research in math, medicine, and biology
The USDA stands for what?
United States Department of Agriculture
The USDA is responsible for what?
Enforces and amends AWA
Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
Animals exempt from AWA
Research institutions mst register with
Supply annual reports
Inspection records through the FOIA
Unscheduled inspection once per year
What does the FOIA stand for?
Freedom of Information Act - provides the USDA's inspection records
What is the Public Health Service Policy?
Institutions which receive funding from PHS and NIH must follow these guidelines,
requires filing of an Amimal Welfare Assurance document that demonstrates the
institution is following the Guid, PHS policy, AWA, and any other applicable laws
The FDA has many responsibilites including:
Assures that new drugs and medical devices are safe and effective before approved for
use in humans
Monitors drug approval
Includes human, and veterinary drugs, food, and medical devices
Requires that effectiveness be demonstrated through well controlled investigations
What is GLP?
Good Laboratory Practices
Established in 1978 with implementation of laboratory audits and inspection programs
Details requirements for QA and SOPs
What is the importance of importation and transportations regulations?
For the protection of humans and environment from potential disease carrying
organisms
Which agencies control importation?
CDC, USDA, and US Fish & Wildlife Service
Institutional polices are established for:
,facility operations
care and use procedures
veterinary support
physical plant
Standard operating procedures relate to:
wall aspects of animal care and support
personnel management
health surveillance of animals and personnel
equipment
investigators
What are the functions of IACUCs and who mandates?
mandated by AWA, PHS policy, and the Guide
Review and approve protocols for animal use
Review animal use program and perform animal facilities inspections at least every 6
months
What has to happen before animal research can begin?
principal investigator provides written details of how animals will be used in the research
project
IACUC must review all protocols using animals and must approve all protocols before
any animal research can begin
What does the IACUC determine?
Can deny permission ro start a project
can stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols yearly
What is the AAALAC, International?
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care and
use programs by scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and research
animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records?
Determine if procedures are followed according to established standards
Determine whether environmental controls are properly maintained
Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
What is PHS Policy?
All assurance records related directly to grant applications, research proposals, and
changes of research activities > 3yrs after completion
Centralized
Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1 director for entire institution; All
personnel associated with the animal facility; All other purchases, per diem,
depreciation, inventories, operational costs, and supplies
Decentralized
, Each department has own animal facility and operating budget; each department has
own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care staffing
Direct costs
Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and operational exprenses (depend on #
animals being housed)
Indirect Costs
physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
Cost Centers
Cage washing, laboratory services
Why is cost accounting important?
Individulal costs used for projecting future cost; comparisons reveal areas in which
costs can be reduced; per diem components (expense to maintain 1 animal for 1 day)
Calculating per diem charges
Internal direct costs are incurred for the husbandry of animals and for other services
provided by the animal facility for the benefits of special projects
If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period and
the average daily census is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge needed to
recover these costs?
Divide $27,375 by 365 and multiply the result by 25 = 3.00
What are somethings to keep in mind when considering injection techniques?
Injections with needles and syringes used to administer various substances; syringe
construction and sizes; considerations for blood withdrawal; proper disposal, common
routes of injection
Intramuscular Injection (IM)
Generally given in hind legs (most desirable site is large muscle mass); alternative site
are the muscles posterior to femur; do not inject too much material
Intraperitoneal Injection (IP)
Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen (avoid bladder and cecum); Slight resistance
may be encountered; Aspirate prior to injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine or
cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
Intradermal Injection (ID)
Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage needle typically used; Needle directed at
20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
Subcutaneous Injection
Placed in the more vascular space between skin and underlying muscle; large area
subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent of skin; entering the injection site then 0
resistance; precautions - hand puncture, inject out other side
Intravenous Injection (IV)
IV access sites in common lab animals; site preparation (disinfect); Use pressure to
disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree angle to skin; removing the needle - apply
pressure
Blood collection techniques are used as...
aid to diagnose disease: Collection site and amount determined by species and test
type
Blood Collection Techniques - Dog
Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or jugular vein
Answers Solved 100% Correct!!
U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development
funds spent by college and university?
2/3
What information is important on grant applications to request funds?
Detailed description of research goals, scientific basis of study, and review of relevant
literature and all procedures to be performed
What is the difference between NIH & NSF?
NIH: primary granting agency: academia, federal agencies, biomedical research
NSF: Basic research in math, medicine, and biology
The USDA stands for what?
United States Department of Agriculture
The USDA is responsible for what?
Enforces and amends AWA
Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
Animals exempt from AWA
Research institutions mst register with
Supply annual reports
Inspection records through the FOIA
Unscheduled inspection once per year
What does the FOIA stand for?
Freedom of Information Act - provides the USDA's inspection records
What is the Public Health Service Policy?
Institutions which receive funding from PHS and NIH must follow these guidelines,
requires filing of an Amimal Welfare Assurance document that demonstrates the
institution is following the Guid, PHS policy, AWA, and any other applicable laws
The FDA has many responsibilites including:
Assures that new drugs and medical devices are safe and effective before approved for
use in humans
Monitors drug approval
Includes human, and veterinary drugs, food, and medical devices
Requires that effectiveness be demonstrated through well controlled investigations
What is GLP?
Good Laboratory Practices
Established in 1978 with implementation of laboratory audits and inspection programs
Details requirements for QA and SOPs
What is the importance of importation and transportations regulations?
For the protection of humans and environment from potential disease carrying
organisms
Which agencies control importation?
CDC, USDA, and US Fish & Wildlife Service
Institutional polices are established for:
,facility operations
care and use procedures
veterinary support
physical plant
Standard operating procedures relate to:
wall aspects of animal care and support
personnel management
health surveillance of animals and personnel
equipment
investigators
What are the functions of IACUCs and who mandates?
mandated by AWA, PHS policy, and the Guide
Review and approve protocols for animal use
Review animal use program and perform animal facilities inspections at least every 6
months
What has to happen before animal research can begin?
principal investigator provides written details of how animals will be used in the research
project
IACUC must review all protocols using animals and must approve all protocols before
any animal research can begin
What does the IACUC determine?
Can deny permission ro start a project
can stop a research peoject
Ensures compliance with regulations
Reviews complete protocols at least every 3 years; reviews updates to protocols yearly
What is the AAALAC, International?
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
Non-profit organization that provides a mechanism for peer review of animal care and
use programs by scientific community
Detailed application with information on facilities, procedures, programs, and research
animals to use
Annual report must be submitted to AAALAC on status of animal care program
Site inspection and program evaluation every 3 years
Why is it important to keep accurate, up-to-date records?
Determine if procedures are followed according to established standards
Determine whether environmental controls are properly maintained
Improve facility efficiency and effectivness
What is PHS Policy?
All assurance records related directly to grant applications, research proposals, and
changes of research activities > 3yrs after completion
Centralized
Serves all the institution's animal care needs; 1 director for entire institution; All
personnel associated with the animal facility; All other purchases, per diem,
depreciation, inventories, operational costs, and supplies
Decentralized
, Each department has own animal facility and operating budget; each department has
own animals, supplies, equipment and animal care staffing
Direct costs
Salaries, fringe benefits, equipment, supplies, and operational exprenses (depend on #
animals being housed)
Indirect Costs
physical plant, energy costs, depreciation, heating rooms
Cost Centers
Cage washing, laboratory services
Why is cost accounting important?
Individulal costs used for projecting future cost; comparisons reveal areas in which
costs can be reduced; per diem components (expense to maintain 1 animal for 1 day)
Calculating per diem charges
Internal direct costs are incurred for the husbandry of animals and for other services
provided by the animal facility for the benefits of special projects
If total costs of maintaining a colony of cats is $27,375 over a 1 year period and
the average daily census is 25 cats, what is the per diem charge needed to
recover these costs?
Divide $27,375 by 365 and multiply the result by 25 = 3.00
What are somethings to keep in mind when considering injection techniques?
Injections with needles and syringes used to administer various substances; syringe
construction and sizes; considerations for blood withdrawal; proper disposal, common
routes of injection
Intramuscular Injection (IM)
Generally given in hind legs (most desirable site is large muscle mass); alternative site
are the muscles posterior to femur; do not inject too much material
Intraperitoneal Injection (IP)
Given in lower right quadrant of abdomen (avoid bladder and cecum); Slight resistance
may be encountered; Aspirate prior to injection (Yellow= bladder; greenish = intestine or
cecum; Blood = blood vessel)
Intradermal Injection (ID)
Given into thick dermal skin layer; 25 guage needle typically used; Needle directed at
20 - 30 degree andle into skin; only small quantity of fluid can be injected (0.1-0.2 ml)
Subcutaneous Injection
Placed in the more vascular space between skin and underlying muscle; large area
subcutaneous tissue exposed by raising a tent of skin; entering the injection site then 0
resistance; precautions - hand puncture, inject out other side
Intravenous Injection (IV)
IV access sites in common lab animals; site preparation (disinfect); Use pressure to
disten the vessel; Insert needle at 30 degree angle to skin; removing the needle - apply
pressure
Blood collection techniques are used as...
aid to diagnose disease: Collection site and amount determined by species and test
type
Blood Collection Techniques - Dog
Cephalic, saphenous, femoral or jugular vein
