EDF 3110 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | EDF 3110 Exam 1

EDF 3110 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | EDF 3110 Exam 1 Teratogen any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period Fetal Alcohol Syndrome the most severe form of FASD, distinguished by slow physical growth, facial abnormalities, and brain injury; usually affects children whose mothers drank heavily throughout pregnancy **irreversible defects & no cure Marasmus a wasted condition of the body caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients, which usually appears in the first year of life Kwashiorkor a disease caused by an imbalanced diet very low in protein that usually appears after weaning, between 1 and 3 years of age; symptoms include an enlarged belly and swollen feet Food Insecurity Uncertainty of quantity of food (Some days the child might have plenty of food, other days the child has no food) Rh Factor Incompatibility a condition that arises when the Rh protein is present in the fetus's blood but not in the mother's, causing the mother to build up antibodies; if these enter the fetus's system, they destroy red blood cells, reducing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues Preeclampsia a complication in which the blood pressure increases sharply and the face, hands, and feet swell in the last half of pregnancy Apgar Scale a rating system used to assess a newborn baby's physical condition immediately after birth on the basis of five characteristics: heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration **Know the Apgar rating scale (0-2; 0= poor score, 2= good score) Reflex an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation Eye blink protects infants from strong stimulation Rooting helps infant find the nipple Sucking permits feeding Moro in human evolutionary past, may have helped infant cling to mother Palmar grasp prepares infant for voluntary grasping Tonic neck may prepare infant for voluntary reaching Stepping prepares infant for voluntary walking Babinski Unknown Hearing can hear a wide variety of sounds; prefer complex sounds to pure tones; can distinguish between a variety of sound patterns when only few days old; listen longer to human speech than to non-speech sounds; can detect the sounds of any human language Smell have odor preferences at birth; can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth Taste have a preference for sweet tastes at birth; can readily learn to like new tastes Touch sensitive to touch around mouth and on palms and soles of feet; use touch to investigate their world; severe pain overwhelmed nervous system with stress hormones and can be relieved with local anesthesia, sugar solution, or physical touch Vision least developed sense at birth; limited visual acuity; actively explore environment (scan for interesting sights and track moving objects; not yet good at discriminating colors