MSK Exam
What is contusion? - ANSW- blunt trauma injury to tissue (skin, bone, etc.) that usually
causes bruising without breaking skin
What is ecchymosis? - ANSW- skin discoloration due to bleeding under the skin (i.e.
bruising)
Contusion is technically a _____________ while ecchymosis and edema are
______________________. - ANSW- diagnosis; objective findings
What is edema? - ANSW- -abnormal accumulation of fluid
-"third spacing" = swelling of all of the surrounding tissue
-can be traumatic or pathological in origin
What is hypertrophy? - ANSW- increase in muscle tone or tissue (exercise)
What is atrophy? - ANSW- decrease in muscle tone or tissue (disuse, neuro assoc,
wasting)
What is a sprain? - ANSW- injury type that involved stretching or tearing of
LIGAMENTS
What is a hematoma? - ANSW- swelling composed of trapped blood from a ruptured
vessel (objective finding, could be a diagnosis if it's the only thing you found)
What is a strain? - ANSW- injury type that involves stretching or tearing of MUSCLE
What is subluxation? - ANSW- -injury type that involves INCOMPLETE or partial
dislocation of joint surfaces
-resolves spontaneously (without intervention)
What is dislocation? - ANSW- injury type that involves complete separation of joint
surfaces that usually remains separated until reduced
What is a fracture ("break")? - ANSW- injury type that involves the cortical disruption of
a bone
What is tendonitis? - ANSW- inflammation of tendon, usually from overuse
What is bursitis? - ANSW- -inflammation of a bursa, which is a fluid filled cushion
"pillow" between muscles/tendons at points of friction
, -commonly seen on knee and elbow joints
What is arthritis? - ANSW- inflammation of the joint (many different types: rheumatoid,
septic, osteoarthritis)
What is tenosynovitis? - ANSW- inflammation of the tendon sheaths, usually
associated with infection, trauma, overuse (i.e. De Quervain, Finklestein's test)
Why do patients seek MSK evaluation? - ANSW- 1. pain
2. limitations
3. deformity
4. family
What is a typical HPI for a bone tumor pain? - ANSW- -deep
-constant
-more noticeable and intense at night
-not relieved by rest, position, or medications
What is a typical HPI for degenerative arthritis pain? - ANSW- -achy
-worsens with activity
-pain better with rest
-pain worse with specific positions/motions
What is a typical HPI for fx/bone infection? - ANSW- -severe
-throbbing
-worse with motion
-follows an injury
What is a typical HPI for septic joint? - ANSW- red swollen joint w/ fevers/chills or NVD
What is a typical HPI for nerve injury pain? - ANSW- -shooting
-sharp
-severe
-burning
-muscle weakness
-sensory changes
What are some limitations of function? - ANSW- ADLs: not being able to eating,
bathing, dressing, transferring, toileting, walking/moving around
Jobs: can't perform their expected duties now due to their injury and/or potentially in the
future
Ambulation: can't walk
What are the two different kinds of deformities? - ANSW- acute and chronic
What is contusion? - ANSW- blunt trauma injury to tissue (skin, bone, etc.) that usually
causes bruising without breaking skin
What is ecchymosis? - ANSW- skin discoloration due to bleeding under the skin (i.e.
bruising)
Contusion is technically a _____________ while ecchymosis and edema are
______________________. - ANSW- diagnosis; objective findings
What is edema? - ANSW- -abnormal accumulation of fluid
-"third spacing" = swelling of all of the surrounding tissue
-can be traumatic or pathological in origin
What is hypertrophy? - ANSW- increase in muscle tone or tissue (exercise)
What is atrophy? - ANSW- decrease in muscle tone or tissue (disuse, neuro assoc,
wasting)
What is a sprain? - ANSW- injury type that involved stretching or tearing of
LIGAMENTS
What is a hematoma? - ANSW- swelling composed of trapped blood from a ruptured
vessel (objective finding, could be a diagnosis if it's the only thing you found)
What is a strain? - ANSW- injury type that involves stretching or tearing of MUSCLE
What is subluxation? - ANSW- -injury type that involves INCOMPLETE or partial
dislocation of joint surfaces
-resolves spontaneously (without intervention)
What is dislocation? - ANSW- injury type that involves complete separation of joint
surfaces that usually remains separated until reduced
What is a fracture ("break")? - ANSW- injury type that involves the cortical disruption of
a bone
What is tendonitis? - ANSW- inflammation of tendon, usually from overuse
What is bursitis? - ANSW- -inflammation of a bursa, which is a fluid filled cushion
"pillow" between muscles/tendons at points of friction
, -commonly seen on knee and elbow joints
What is arthritis? - ANSW- inflammation of the joint (many different types: rheumatoid,
septic, osteoarthritis)
What is tenosynovitis? - ANSW- inflammation of the tendon sheaths, usually
associated with infection, trauma, overuse (i.e. De Quervain, Finklestein's test)
Why do patients seek MSK evaluation? - ANSW- 1. pain
2. limitations
3. deformity
4. family
What is a typical HPI for a bone tumor pain? - ANSW- -deep
-constant
-more noticeable and intense at night
-not relieved by rest, position, or medications
What is a typical HPI for degenerative arthritis pain? - ANSW- -achy
-worsens with activity
-pain better with rest
-pain worse with specific positions/motions
What is a typical HPI for fx/bone infection? - ANSW- -severe
-throbbing
-worse with motion
-follows an injury
What is a typical HPI for septic joint? - ANSW- red swollen joint w/ fevers/chills or NVD
What is a typical HPI for nerve injury pain? - ANSW- -shooting
-sharp
-severe
-burning
-muscle weakness
-sensory changes
What are some limitations of function? - ANSW- ADLs: not being able to eating,
bathing, dressing, transferring, toileting, walking/moving around
Jobs: can't perform their expected duties now due to their injury and/or potentially in the
future
Ambulation: can't walk
What are the two different kinds of deformities? - ANSW- acute and chronic
