TruGreen Pesticide Certification 6,3a,3b Questions With
100% Correct Answers.
Abiotic disorder
A non-pest plant stress such as improper nutrition, too much or too little water, winter or
frost injury
Action threshold
The pest density at which action (such as pesticide application) is justified to prevent
further damage.
Adelgid
An insect closely related to aphids that feed on conifers. Their feeding often causes
galls to form.
Aesthetic injury level
The point at which damage from a pest becomes noticeable enough to negatively affect
the visible quality of the plant. This may vary, based in part on the distance the plant is
located from walkways. (and therefore, on the likelihood of the damage being observed.
Airblast sprayer
Pesticide application equipment that uses a stream of air from a fan to break up and
distribute the pesicide onto the plant that is being treated.
Allelopathy/allelopathic
When one plant species suppresses the growth of another. For example, walnut trees
produce chemicals that will not allow plants to grow under their canopies.
Annual
A plant that completes its life cycle and dies in a single year or growing season.
Bacteria
A group of single-celled microorganisms, of which there are typically 40 million in a
gram of soil. A few species are the causes of diseases such as fire blight and leaf spot
in plants.
Bactericide
A pesticide used to manage a disease cause by bacteria
Balled and burlapped
A standard method used to wrap a tree or shrub rootball with burlap to keep the soil
around the roots when digging the plant from the field to move it for transplanting. Often,
larger trees will have a wire mesh placed around the burlap to provide more support for
transporting. The wire mesh should be removed prior to planting. The burlap should
(optimally) be removed as much as possible also, as amany types of modern burlap
contains synthetic fibers that will not rot. If the burlap is natural fibers it should at least
be removed from the top one-third of the rootball to avoid the burlap being exposed to
the air and wicking moisture from the roots. Also called B&B.
Basal Drench
The mixing of a pesticide in a small volume of water and applying to a 12-18 inch strip
around the base of a tree or shrub. These compounds are normally systemic and are
absorbed by the roots of the plant.
Beauveria bassiana
,A naturally occurring fungus that attacks a number of insects and has been formulated
as an insecticide.
Beneficial Insect
Insects that eat or develop inside or on pest insects. Sometimes just referred to as
"beneficials." Beneficial insects do not damage landscape plants.
Biennial
A plant with a two-year life cycle.
Biochemical pesticide
A biologically derived chemical such as insect sex pheromones that are used for pest
control. They have the advantages of being non-toxic and specific for controlling a
particular species of pest.
Biocide
A substance that kills biological organisms.
Biological control
A method of controlling a pest by encouraging and using natural controls such as
parasitism, predation, and naturally occuring diseases.
Biomagnification
A situation in which a predatory organism continues to absorb pesticde as it eats prey
that has been exposed to nonlethal levels of pesticide; the accumulation of pesticide in
the predator can lead to its death.
Biopesticide
Pesticides cerived from natural materials such as animals, plants, bacteria and certain
minerals.
Broad-spectrum
A pesticde that affectsx a wide range of target species.
Broad-spectrum fungicide
A fingicide that controls a wide range of fungal organisms.
Broadcast application
A pesticide applied to a large area over all of the plants.
Budbreak
The timme when dormant buds open into leaves or flowers.
Bulb
An underground plant stem (such as an onion or tulip) that is surrounded by fleshy
leaves that are modified to store nutrients.
Calibration
the process of adjusting pesticide application equipment to apply a specific amount of
pesticide at a specific rate over a specific area.
Cambium
The layer of the tree immediately below the bark that contains embryonic tissue. It is the
actively growing part of the tree.
Cankers
Irregular areas of damaged, diseased or dead tissue on the trunk and stems of woody
plants. These may be various colorgs and may be moist or dry.
Chemosterilants
A chemical compound that causes reproductive sterility in an organism.
Chlorosis
, A condition in which leaves are not producing chlorophyll and are yellowed, often
caused by a nutrient deficiency.
Chlorotic
When the leaves of a plant exhibit yellowing.
Cold temerature hardiness
The ability of a plant to withstand the extremes of temperature during the winter for a
particular area of the country. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has developed zone
maps to indicate parts of the country that are subject to roughly the same extremes of
cold temperatures. Plants are rated as to the hardiness zones in which they are able to
survive.
Commercial applicator
A person who has been certified by the State of Michigan to apply pesticides for hire. In
Michigan, any individual who is applying pesticides for hire on property they do not own
and where they are not being supervised by the property owner of the owner's
representative (such as on a farm or nursery) must be certified as a commercial
applicator.
Complete metamorphosis
The type of development exhibited by more evolutionarily advanced insects in which the
larva is very different from the adult. It goes through a change via the pupa stage before
emerging as an adult.
Conidia
An asexually produced single-celled reporductive or resting body produced by a fungus.
Conk
A shelf-like structure of wood-decaying fungi that contains fungal fruiting bodies.
Contact fungicide
Fungicides that stay on the surface of the plant parts and do not move through the
tissues of the plant. They must contact the fungus on the plant or prevent it from
entering the plant by forming a barrier to work.
Cornicles
The pair of "tailpipes" on the top and to the rear of the abdomen that are unique to
aphids. Cornicles produce alarm chemicals to warn other aphids of approaching danger.
Cotyledon
A significant part of the embryo of a plant seed. Cotyledons may become the first
"leaves" of a plant and may be photosynthetic, althought they are not true leaves.
Monocots such as grasses have a single cotyledon and dicots such as broadleaved
plants have two cotyledons.
Creeping perennials
Plants that repoduce by way of underground plant parts such as rhizomes, stolons,
tubers (swollen underground stems", bulbs and creeping roots.
Cultivar
Plants of the same species that are bred empasize different characteristics. Also called
PLANT VARIETIES.
Cultural control
The practice of modifying a plant's growing environment to reduce unwanted pests (for
example, by changing fertility levels, irrigation practices, sunlight exposure, mowing
height or temperature).
100% Correct Answers.
Abiotic disorder
A non-pest plant stress such as improper nutrition, too much or too little water, winter or
frost injury
Action threshold
The pest density at which action (such as pesticide application) is justified to prevent
further damage.
Adelgid
An insect closely related to aphids that feed on conifers. Their feeding often causes
galls to form.
Aesthetic injury level
The point at which damage from a pest becomes noticeable enough to negatively affect
the visible quality of the plant. This may vary, based in part on the distance the plant is
located from walkways. (and therefore, on the likelihood of the damage being observed.
Airblast sprayer
Pesticide application equipment that uses a stream of air from a fan to break up and
distribute the pesicide onto the plant that is being treated.
Allelopathy/allelopathic
When one plant species suppresses the growth of another. For example, walnut trees
produce chemicals that will not allow plants to grow under their canopies.
Annual
A plant that completes its life cycle and dies in a single year or growing season.
Bacteria
A group of single-celled microorganisms, of which there are typically 40 million in a
gram of soil. A few species are the causes of diseases such as fire blight and leaf spot
in plants.
Bactericide
A pesticide used to manage a disease cause by bacteria
Balled and burlapped
A standard method used to wrap a tree or shrub rootball with burlap to keep the soil
around the roots when digging the plant from the field to move it for transplanting. Often,
larger trees will have a wire mesh placed around the burlap to provide more support for
transporting. The wire mesh should be removed prior to planting. The burlap should
(optimally) be removed as much as possible also, as amany types of modern burlap
contains synthetic fibers that will not rot. If the burlap is natural fibers it should at least
be removed from the top one-third of the rootball to avoid the burlap being exposed to
the air and wicking moisture from the roots. Also called B&B.
Basal Drench
The mixing of a pesticide in a small volume of water and applying to a 12-18 inch strip
around the base of a tree or shrub. These compounds are normally systemic and are
absorbed by the roots of the plant.
Beauveria bassiana
,A naturally occurring fungus that attacks a number of insects and has been formulated
as an insecticide.
Beneficial Insect
Insects that eat or develop inside or on pest insects. Sometimes just referred to as
"beneficials." Beneficial insects do not damage landscape plants.
Biennial
A plant with a two-year life cycle.
Biochemical pesticide
A biologically derived chemical such as insect sex pheromones that are used for pest
control. They have the advantages of being non-toxic and specific for controlling a
particular species of pest.
Biocide
A substance that kills biological organisms.
Biological control
A method of controlling a pest by encouraging and using natural controls such as
parasitism, predation, and naturally occuring diseases.
Biomagnification
A situation in which a predatory organism continues to absorb pesticde as it eats prey
that has been exposed to nonlethal levels of pesticide; the accumulation of pesticide in
the predator can lead to its death.
Biopesticide
Pesticides cerived from natural materials such as animals, plants, bacteria and certain
minerals.
Broad-spectrum
A pesticde that affectsx a wide range of target species.
Broad-spectrum fungicide
A fingicide that controls a wide range of fungal organisms.
Broadcast application
A pesticide applied to a large area over all of the plants.
Budbreak
The timme when dormant buds open into leaves or flowers.
Bulb
An underground plant stem (such as an onion or tulip) that is surrounded by fleshy
leaves that are modified to store nutrients.
Calibration
the process of adjusting pesticide application equipment to apply a specific amount of
pesticide at a specific rate over a specific area.
Cambium
The layer of the tree immediately below the bark that contains embryonic tissue. It is the
actively growing part of the tree.
Cankers
Irregular areas of damaged, diseased or dead tissue on the trunk and stems of woody
plants. These may be various colorgs and may be moist or dry.
Chemosterilants
A chemical compound that causes reproductive sterility in an organism.
Chlorosis
, A condition in which leaves are not producing chlorophyll and are yellowed, often
caused by a nutrient deficiency.
Chlorotic
When the leaves of a plant exhibit yellowing.
Cold temerature hardiness
The ability of a plant to withstand the extremes of temperature during the winter for a
particular area of the country. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has developed zone
maps to indicate parts of the country that are subject to roughly the same extremes of
cold temperatures. Plants are rated as to the hardiness zones in which they are able to
survive.
Commercial applicator
A person who has been certified by the State of Michigan to apply pesticides for hire. In
Michigan, any individual who is applying pesticides for hire on property they do not own
and where they are not being supervised by the property owner of the owner's
representative (such as on a farm or nursery) must be certified as a commercial
applicator.
Complete metamorphosis
The type of development exhibited by more evolutionarily advanced insects in which the
larva is very different from the adult. It goes through a change via the pupa stage before
emerging as an adult.
Conidia
An asexually produced single-celled reporductive or resting body produced by a fungus.
Conk
A shelf-like structure of wood-decaying fungi that contains fungal fruiting bodies.
Contact fungicide
Fungicides that stay on the surface of the plant parts and do not move through the
tissues of the plant. They must contact the fungus on the plant or prevent it from
entering the plant by forming a barrier to work.
Cornicles
The pair of "tailpipes" on the top and to the rear of the abdomen that are unique to
aphids. Cornicles produce alarm chemicals to warn other aphids of approaching danger.
Cotyledon
A significant part of the embryo of a plant seed. Cotyledons may become the first
"leaves" of a plant and may be photosynthetic, althought they are not true leaves.
Monocots such as grasses have a single cotyledon and dicots such as broadleaved
plants have two cotyledons.
Creeping perennials
Plants that repoduce by way of underground plant parts such as rhizomes, stolons,
tubers (swollen underground stems", bulbs and creeping roots.
Cultivar
Plants of the same species that are bred empasize different characteristics. Also called
PLANT VARIETIES.
Cultural control
The practice of modifying a plant's growing environment to reduce unwanted pests (for
example, by changing fertility levels, irrigation practices, sunlight exposure, mowing
height or temperature).
