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A watercourse that flows continuously at all times of the year is known as what? - Perennial stream What is defined as 'the killing or inactivation of pathogenic organisms in water'? - Disinfection Free chlorine residual values are based on a contact time of how long? - 10 mins What time of day does algae cause the pH of the water decrease? - Night time What contributes to the creation of algae blooms? - Increased nutrients What is found mainly in groundwater sources and forms a precipitate when oxidized? - Iron The riparian doctrine is also known as what? - Rule of reasonable sharing What is the typical strength of calcium hypochlorite, i.e. available chlorine range? - 65-70% Which chemicals will raise pH? - Soda ash, Lime, Caustic soda What should be used by an operator to test for residual chlorine? - DPD (N, N-diethyl-pphenylenediamine) pH is a measure of? - Hydrogen ion concentrationAfter chlorination, what is included in free chlorine residuals? - OCL- and HOCL