Summary ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1 Introduction to Environment 1 2 Natural Resources 29 3 Environmental Pollution – A Pressing Issue 59 Case Studies 1 to 3 103 4 Solid Waste Management 111 5 Hazardous Waste Management 133 6 Social Issues and the Environment 159 Case Studies 4 to 6 193 7 Environmental Ethics – Issues and Possible Solutions 203 8 Environmental Legislations 221 9 Disasters – Types and Impacts 265 Case Studies 7 to 9 303 10 Disaster Management 311 11 Modern Disaster Management – A Four Phase Approach 331 12 Disaster Management in India 359 Case Studies 10 to 12 379 Introduction to Environment: Environment, Importance of Environment, Components of Environment, Relationship between Different Components of Environment, Relationship between Man and Environment, Environmental Degradation, Sustainable Development, Need of Environmental Education. Natural Resources: Natural Resources and their Classification, Renewable (Inexhaustible) Resources, Non-Renewable (Exhaustible) Resources, Nuclear Energy, Problems Associated with Natural Resources, Forest Resources, Water Resources, Mineral Resources, Food Resources, Energy Resources, Land resources, Burden of Over Population on Natural Resources, Burden of Industrialisation on Natural Resources, Conservation of Natural Resources, Need to Conserve Natural Resources, Methods of Conserving Natural Resources, Role of an Individual in the Conservation of Natural Resources, Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles. Environmental Pollution – A Pressing Issue: Environmental Pollution and Pollutants, Pollutants and their Types, Types of Environmental Pollution, Air Pollution, Sources of Air Pollution and Classification of Air Pollutants, Major Air Pollutants, Effects of Air Pollution, Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, Vehicular Pollution, Water Pollution, Classification of Water Pollution, Sources of Water Pollution, Groundwater Pollution, Effect of Water Pollution on Indian Rivers, Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Eutrophication, Water Recycling, Soil Pollution, Sources of Soil Pollution, Effects of Soil Pollution, Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution, Marine Pollution, Causes of Marine Pollution, Effects of Marine Pollution, Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution, Noise Pollution, Sources of Noise Pollution, Effects of Noise Pollution, Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution, Thermal Pollution, Sources of Thermal Pollution, Effects of Thermal Pollution, Prevention and Control of Thermal Pollution, Radiation Pollution, Radiation and its Sources, Radiation Damage, Preventing Radiation Pollution, Role of Individuals in Preventing Pollution, Citizens Actions and Action Groups, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Solid Waste Management: Solid Waste Management, Sources and Classification of Solid Waste, Effects of Solid Waste, Methods of Collecting Solid Waste, Disposal Methods, Open Dumping, Landfills, Incineration, Composting, Recovery and Recycling of Solid Waste, Measures to Control Urban and Industrial Wastes Hazardous Waste Management: Hazardous Wastes, Sources of Hazardous Wastes, Classification of Hazardous Wastes, Hazardous Waste Management, Treatment of Hazardous Wastes, Physical Treatment, Chemical Treatment, Biological Treatment, Thermal Treatment (Incineration), Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Wastes and Nuclear Hazards, Nuclear Accidents, Nuclear Waste Management, Nuclear Power Plant Safety, Nuclear Disaster Response Social Issues and the Environment: Urban Problems related to Energy, Water Management, Water Conservation, Rainwater Harvesting, Watershed Management, Resettlement and Rehabilitation of People, Wasteland Reclamation, Critical Environmental Issues, Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Holocaust, Global Shift towards Sustainable Development Environmental Ethics – Issues and Possible Solutions: Concept of Ethics, Environmental Ethics, Resource Consumption Patterns and the Need for Equitable Utilisation, Preserving Resources for Future Generations, The Rights of Animals, The Ethical Basis of Environmental Education and Awareness, The Conservation Ethics and Traditional Value Systems of India Environmental Legislations: Policies and Legislations for Protecting and Conserving Environment, Need to Implement Environmental Legislations, Constitutional Provisions related to Environment, General Legislations, The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Amended 1991, The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, The Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1988, The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Rules, 2002, Forest and Wildlife Legislations, The Indian Forest Act (1927), Amended 1984, The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, Amended 1993, 2002 and 2006, The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, Amended 1988, The Biological Diversity Act, 2002, The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, Water Legislations, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Amended 1988, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977, Amended 1992 and 2003, The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 1991, Air Legislations, The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Amended 1987, Animal Welfare Legislations, The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, International Environmental Legislations, Wetland Convention (The Ramsar Convention), Montreal Protocol, Climate Conventions, Biological Diversity Convention, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Concept of Carbon Credits and Carbon Trading (Carbon Credits: Delhi Metro Example), ESG Impacts Disasters – Types and Impacts: Disaster and Disaster Management, Important Terms (Disaster, Hazard, Vulnerability, Resilience and Risk), Types of Disasters (Natural Disasters and Manmade Disasters), Types and Causes of Natural Disasters, Types and Causes of Manmade Disasters, Impacts of Disasters, Physical Impacts of Disasters, Social Impacts of Disasters, Economic Impacts of Disasters, Political Impacts of Disasters, Environmental Impacts of Disasters, Health Impacts of Disasters, Psycho-social Impacts of Disasters, Differential Impacts of Disasters Disaster Management: Disaster Management, Basic Steps involved in Disaster Management, Hazard and Vulnerability Profile of India, Disaster Management Cycle, Pre-disaster Stage (Preparedness), Emergency Stage, Post Disaster Stage (Resettlement and Rehabilitation)