TEAS 7-Biology
Monomers - answers small molecular building blocks of polymers
Endothermic Reaction - answers A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
Hydrolysis - answers a chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in order
to break its covalent bond; key component in digestion
The creation of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - answers Endothermic
reaction called dehydration
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - answers Exothermic
reaction called hydrolysis
4 Types of Macromolecules - answers carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Macromolecules are also known as - answers biopolymers
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - answers monosaccharide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - answers Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Glucose - answers A very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose
(meaning it has 6 carbons in it).
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - answers -ose
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - answers 1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - answers cellulose
chitin - answers carbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and by
insects/anthropods in their exoskeleton
, Glycoprotein - answers A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached
to it, used by the human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids
attached that attaches to a cell's lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody,
immunoglobulin
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - answers glycogen
Smallest unit of a lipid - answers fatty acid
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - answers hydrogen and carbon
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - answers hydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - answers 1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Adipose Tissue - answers Connective tissue in the body that stores fat.
Phospholipids - answers Used by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide
structure
This lipid bilayer has a hydrophilic phosphate group that points towards the aqueous
environment: - answers phospholipid bilayer
Simplest unit of a protein - answers amino acid
All proteins contain - answers C, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Functions of proteins in the body - answers 1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
4. Increase reaction rate (enzymes).
Amino acids are joined by what bond? - answers Peptide
Hydrophobic proteins have a function of providing ________ & are found where? -
answers structure; keratin (hair and nails), and collagen (skin)
What is the function of membrane proteins? - answers -transport substances across
the plasma membrane as protein channels and carrier proteins
-structure
-body wide communication (immunity)
Hydrophilic proteins in the body are known as - answers Globular proteins
Examples of globular (hydrophilic proteins) - answers 1. Enzymes
Monomers - answers small molecular building blocks of polymers
Endothermic Reaction - answers A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
Hydrolysis - answers a chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in order
to break its covalent bond; key component in digestion
The creation of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - answers Endothermic
reaction called dehydration
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - answers Exothermic
reaction called hydrolysis
4 Types of Macromolecules - answers carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Macromolecules are also known as - answers biopolymers
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - answers monosaccharide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - answers Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Glucose - answers A very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose
(meaning it has 6 carbons in it).
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - answers -ose
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - answers 1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - answers cellulose
chitin - answers carbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and by
insects/anthropods in their exoskeleton
, Glycoprotein - answers A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached
to it, used by the human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids
attached that attaches to a cell's lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody,
immunoglobulin
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - answers glycogen
Smallest unit of a lipid - answers fatty acid
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - answers hydrogen and carbon
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - answers hydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - answers 1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Adipose Tissue - answers Connective tissue in the body that stores fat.
Phospholipids - answers Used by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide
structure
This lipid bilayer has a hydrophilic phosphate group that points towards the aqueous
environment: - answers phospholipid bilayer
Simplest unit of a protein - answers amino acid
All proteins contain - answers C, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Functions of proteins in the body - answers 1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
4. Increase reaction rate (enzymes).
Amino acids are joined by what bond? - answers Peptide
Hydrophobic proteins have a function of providing ________ & are found where? -
answers structure; keratin (hair and nails), and collagen (skin)
What is the function of membrane proteins? - answers -transport substances across
the plasma membrane as protein channels and carrier proteins
-structure
-body wide communication (immunity)
Hydrophilic proteins in the body are known as - answers Globular proteins
Examples of globular (hydrophilic proteins) - answers 1. Enzymes
