ENV 1301 final EXAm questions and answers well illustrated.

ENV 1301 final EXAm questions and answers well illustrated. What are watersheds - correct answers.Watersheds are areas of land that drain into rivers or lakes. What determines a watershed - correct answers.Watersheds are determined by the slope of the land ... smaller watersheds drain into BIGGER WATERSHEDS. What is significant about the Missisipi river watershed drainage - correct answers.Mississippi River Watershed drains ~ 50% of 48 states in nation. What does flooding do - correct answers.Flooding Provides Ecosystem Services to Floodplain What is within the rivers floodplain - correct answers.Areas near a river's course that are flooded periodically are within the river's floodplain. What does frequent flooding cause - correct answers.Frequent flooding brings valuable nutrients from the river to the floodplain, especially during spring rains after long winters. What do nutrients brought by frequent flooding do - correct answers.These nutrients support plant growth in the flood plain. What's Happening to the Louisiana Coast - correct answers.2000 dams and levees along Mississippi River cause reduction in contribution of sediments to and destruction of coastal wetlands (coast is shrinking by 1/3 each year). Why is the coast shrinking - correct answers.Dams encourage sediment deposit in reservoirs. Levees prevent normal flooding, which increases speed of water, bypassing wetlands and depositing sediment into Gulf. After 2010 BP oil spill, fine money went into diversion of river water to build the Atchafalaya River Delta. Where is the earths water located - correct answers.97.5% in Oceans.....2.5% in Freshwater Systems.....1.5% in underground aquifers or frozen in glaciers and icecaps, so not able to use What percent of water is available for humans - correct answers.1% available for ALL animal consumption (humans and others).......70% of this 1% is used for agricultural irrigation (more than any other use), leaving us with 30% of the 1% as drinking water. -Describe the littoral zone - correct answers.Emergent plants like cattails grow here along the shoreline....lots of invertebrates -Describe the benthic zone - correct the bottom of the water body, often is muddy, rich in detritus and nutrients and low in oxygen. -Describe the limnetic zone - correct layer of open, sunlit water where photosythnesis takes place...experiences photosynthesis because shallow -Describe the profundal zone - correct answers.Sunlight does not reach the deeper profundal zone....does not experience photosynthesis because deep What Causes Lakes to Become Oligotrophic - correct answers.Oligotrophic: low in nutrients and high in oxygen. What Causes Lakes to Become Eutrophic - correct answers.Eutrophic: high in nutrients and low in oxygen. Whats so great about wetlands - correct answers.Wetlands are VERY unique ecosystems that contain standing water most or all of the year, and can be categorized as freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, or vernal pools. What percent of wetlands have been destroyed - correct answers.85% of wetlands in USA have been destroyed for agricultural expansion. What ecosystem services do Wetlands provide - correct answers.Slow runoff from land, Filter pollution, Control flooding, Allow aquifers to recharge What is an Estuaries - correct answers.Estuaries form where rivers flow into the ocean, resulting in a mixing of freshwater with saltwater and unique organisms like the burrfish that lays it eggs in estuaries! What percent of the earth do oceans cover - correct s are ALL connected and cover 71% of the Earth's surface. What causes decreased temperature in oceans - correct answers.Because sunlight can't penetrate deep into the ocean layers, temperatures decrease with depth. How are surface organisms in the ocean fed - correct answers.Surface winds and heat create upwelling of these waters that pull deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface to "feed" organisms that live in the surface waters. What are the five oceans - correct answers.Southern, indian, pacific, atlantic arctic What are Intertidal Ecosystems - correct answers.These are ecosystems that spread between the uppermost reach of the HIGH TIDE and the lowest limit of the LOW TIDE! What effects the earths climate - correct answers.Oceans and currents