AMLS
A working hypothesis of the nature of the problem based on the chief complaint, history,
and assessment is the:
a] differential diagnosis
b] working diagnosis
c] clinical reasoning
d] scope of practice - answera] differential diagnosis
The tendency to perceptually lock on to parts of the pt's presentation early in the
diagnostic process, which can lead to an incorrect working diagnosis, is called:
a] confirmation bias
b] premature closure
c] anchoring
d] rapid recall - answerc] anchoring
Vesicular lung sounds can be auscultated:
a] over the main bronchi on either side of the sternum
b] over the anterior and posterior part of the lower chest
c] over the trachea near the sternal notch
d] just above the belly button over the stomach - answerb] over the anterior and
posterior part of the lower chest
Glasgow Coma Scale - answer~eye opening~ ~best verbal response~ ~best motor
response~
E4- spontaneous V5- oriented and converses M6- follows commands
E3- to verbal V4- disoriented conversation M5- localizes pain
E2- to pain V3- nonensical speech M4- withdraws to pain
E1- no response V2- moans/unintelligible sounds M3- decorticate flexion to pain
V1- no reponse M2- decerebrate extenison to pain
M1- no response
GCS Scores - answer15: no neurological disabilities
14-13: mild dysfunction
12-9: moderate to severe dysfunction
9>: severe dysfunction
(lowest possible score is 3)
Normal pulse pressure is ___________ mmHg. A narrowing pule pressure may indicate
__________ or ___________ .
, a] 30 to 40; shock or pericariditis
b] 30 to 50; hypotension or aortic aneurysm.
c] 30 to 40; shock or cardiac tamponade.
d] 20 to 30; low stroke volume or shock. - answerc] 30 to 40; shock or cardiac
tamponade.
Abnormal breath sounds
gurgling
~upper airway; a hollow bubbling sound
stridor
~upper airway; harsh high-pitched during inhalation indicating narrowing
~swelling
rales
~hair rolling between fingers - answerwheezing
~bronchi swollen and constricted; high-pitched whistling sound
~asthma and foreign body obstruction
rhonchi
~low-pitched crackles caused by secretions in larger airways
~sign of COPD or infectious process like bronchitis or pneumonia
Breathing rate and depth are controlled by the:
a] medulla oblongata
b] cerebrum
c] spinal cord
d] cerebellum - answera] medulla oblongata
Which of the following would indicate a patient is in respiratory failure?
a] end-tital CO2 of 32 mmHg
b] increased respiratory rate
c] wheezes heard on auscultation
d] decreasing level of consciousness - answerd] decreasing level of consciousness
You are caring for a 67yo F complaining of shortness of breath that's been getting
worse for 3 days. Vital signs are BP 136/90, P 106, RR 26, SpO2 92%. Lung sounds
are clear and equal on the right and crackles and wheezes on the left. You suspect:
a] pneumonia
b] pulmonary edema
c] spontaneous pneumothorax
A working hypothesis of the nature of the problem based on the chief complaint, history,
and assessment is the:
a] differential diagnosis
b] working diagnosis
c] clinical reasoning
d] scope of practice - answera] differential diagnosis
The tendency to perceptually lock on to parts of the pt's presentation early in the
diagnostic process, which can lead to an incorrect working diagnosis, is called:
a] confirmation bias
b] premature closure
c] anchoring
d] rapid recall - answerc] anchoring
Vesicular lung sounds can be auscultated:
a] over the main bronchi on either side of the sternum
b] over the anterior and posterior part of the lower chest
c] over the trachea near the sternal notch
d] just above the belly button over the stomach - answerb] over the anterior and
posterior part of the lower chest
Glasgow Coma Scale - answer~eye opening~ ~best verbal response~ ~best motor
response~
E4- spontaneous V5- oriented and converses M6- follows commands
E3- to verbal V4- disoriented conversation M5- localizes pain
E2- to pain V3- nonensical speech M4- withdraws to pain
E1- no response V2- moans/unintelligible sounds M3- decorticate flexion to pain
V1- no reponse M2- decerebrate extenison to pain
M1- no response
GCS Scores - answer15: no neurological disabilities
14-13: mild dysfunction
12-9: moderate to severe dysfunction
9>: severe dysfunction
(lowest possible score is 3)
Normal pulse pressure is ___________ mmHg. A narrowing pule pressure may indicate
__________ or ___________ .
, a] 30 to 40; shock or pericariditis
b] 30 to 50; hypotension or aortic aneurysm.
c] 30 to 40; shock or cardiac tamponade.
d] 20 to 30; low stroke volume or shock. - answerc] 30 to 40; shock or cardiac
tamponade.
Abnormal breath sounds
gurgling
~upper airway; a hollow bubbling sound
stridor
~upper airway; harsh high-pitched during inhalation indicating narrowing
~swelling
rales
~hair rolling between fingers - answerwheezing
~bronchi swollen and constricted; high-pitched whistling sound
~asthma and foreign body obstruction
rhonchi
~low-pitched crackles caused by secretions in larger airways
~sign of COPD or infectious process like bronchitis or pneumonia
Breathing rate and depth are controlled by the:
a] medulla oblongata
b] cerebrum
c] spinal cord
d] cerebellum - answera] medulla oblongata
Which of the following would indicate a patient is in respiratory failure?
a] end-tital CO2 of 32 mmHg
b] increased respiratory rate
c] wheezes heard on auscultation
d] decreasing level of consciousness - answerd] decreasing level of consciousness
You are caring for a 67yo F complaining of shortness of breath that's been getting
worse for 3 days. Vital signs are BP 136/90, P 106, RR 26, SpO2 92%. Lung sounds
are clear and equal on the right and crackles and wheezes on the left. You suspect:
a] pneumonia
b] pulmonary edema
c] spontaneous pneumothorax
