AMLS 2021 pretest
A 28-year-old female is being evaluated for an acute onset of an alteration in mentation.
She complained of a stiff neck and persistent headache. Vital signs are P 112, R 22 and
regular, BP 144/88, SpO2 95%, and T 102.3*F (39*C). The healthcare provider should
observe for which complication? - answerSeizure
A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor of the triage area. Healthcare
providers note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the
mouth. What course of action should be implemented next? - answerSupplemental
oxygen and suction
Patients with a history of chronic bronchitis that present with shortness of breath are
likely to have which condition? - answerPulmonary embolism
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathological
change? - answerBreakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane
An anxious male complains of a sore throat, fever, chills, dental pain, and dyspnea. The
patient has a firm, red pronounced swelling in the sublingual anterior throat area and
tongue. What diagnosis is most likely? - answerLudwig's angina
Patients on mechanical ventilation may have hypoxemia due to alveolar collapse from
mucous plugging. The best treatment for this is to: - answerAdminister PEEP
Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? - answerVasodilation
An elderly patient in an assisted-living facility presents with a diminished level of
consciousness and elevated white blood count. Assessment reveals pale, clammy skin
and a urinary catheter with dark-colored urine. Vital signs are P 132, R 38 and shallow,
BP 78/46, SpO2 91% and T 100.8*F (32.8*C). What classification of shock is the patient
most likely experiencing? - answerDistributive
Healthcare providers are assessing a patient with pronounced jugular vein distention
and muffled heart tones. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 74/52. What classification of shock
should be suspected? - answerObstruction
During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to
cause a/an: - answerIncrease in preload, afterload, and re-absorption of sodium
A 42-year-old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is taking glucocorticoids. Over
the past 2 weeks, she complains of chronic fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite with
weight loss. Lab results indicate hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What underlying
diagnosis is suspected? - answerAdrenal insufficiency
, Which condition should the healthcare provider consider usually to be a nonemergent,
non-life threatening illness? - answerThoracic outlet syndrome
Healthcare providers should use extreme caution with nitroglycerin when ST elevation is
present in which ECG leads? - answerII, III, aVF
Which is a high-risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? - answerCocaine abuse
What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic
Nonketotic Coma (HHNC)? - answerCrystalloid IV fluid resuscitation
What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? - answerNarcotic overdose
What is the most effective treatment for an unconscious patient in respiratory acidosis?
- answerAssisted bag-mask ventilation
An autoimmune disease that produces antibodies that mimic the role of TSH and cause
an increase in thyroid hormones is: - answerGraves' disease
Glucagon may not be effective treatment for a patient with hypoglycemia if they also
have which underlying illness? - answerAlcoholism
A 24-year-old has completed a triathlon on a hot, humid day. The athlete complains of
severe headache, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain. As the patient history is
obtained, the athlete becomes lethargic. What underlying electrolyte disturbance should
the healthcare provider most likely suspect? - answerHyponatremia
What is the sign on the ECG that will indicate a patient is experiencing hyperkalemia? -
answerPeaked T waves
An 82-year-old alcoholic complains of nausea, nonbloody vomiting, and severe
epigastric and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the back. Palpation reveals
epigastric tenderness without peritoneal signs. What working diagnosis should be
considered most likely? - answerAcute pancreatitis
A 23-year-old male complains of a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest
pain that has worsened over 3 days. A physical exam reveals unilateral wheezing with
shallow respirations. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 144/88, SpO2 90%, and T 102*F
(38.8*C). What treatment should be performed? - answerSupplemental oxygen and
immediate transport
A patient with suspected gallbladder disease is asked to take a deep breath while the
provider presses upward into the upper right quadrant. If the patient ceases inspiration
due to increased pain while being examined, this is known as: - answerMurphy's sign
A 28-year-old female is being evaluated for an acute onset of an alteration in mentation.
She complained of a stiff neck and persistent headache. Vital signs are P 112, R 22 and
regular, BP 144/88, SpO2 95%, and T 102.3*F (39*C). The healthcare provider should
observe for which complication? - answerSeizure
A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor of the triage area. Healthcare
providers note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the
mouth. What course of action should be implemented next? - answerSupplemental
oxygen and suction
Patients with a history of chronic bronchitis that present with shortness of breath are
likely to have which condition? - answerPulmonary embolism
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathological
change? - answerBreakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane
An anxious male complains of a sore throat, fever, chills, dental pain, and dyspnea. The
patient has a firm, red pronounced swelling in the sublingual anterior throat area and
tongue. What diagnosis is most likely? - answerLudwig's angina
Patients on mechanical ventilation may have hypoxemia due to alveolar collapse from
mucous plugging. The best treatment for this is to: - answerAdminister PEEP
Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? - answerVasodilation
An elderly patient in an assisted-living facility presents with a diminished level of
consciousness and elevated white blood count. Assessment reveals pale, clammy skin
and a urinary catheter with dark-colored urine. Vital signs are P 132, R 38 and shallow,
BP 78/46, SpO2 91% and T 100.8*F (32.8*C). What classification of shock is the patient
most likely experiencing? - answerDistributive
Healthcare providers are assessing a patient with pronounced jugular vein distention
and muffled heart tones. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 74/52. What classification of shock
should be suspected? - answerObstruction
During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to
cause a/an: - answerIncrease in preload, afterload, and re-absorption of sodium
A 42-year-old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is taking glucocorticoids. Over
the past 2 weeks, she complains of chronic fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite with
weight loss. Lab results indicate hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What underlying
diagnosis is suspected? - answerAdrenal insufficiency
, Which condition should the healthcare provider consider usually to be a nonemergent,
non-life threatening illness? - answerThoracic outlet syndrome
Healthcare providers should use extreme caution with nitroglycerin when ST elevation is
present in which ECG leads? - answerII, III, aVF
Which is a high-risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? - answerCocaine abuse
What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic
Nonketotic Coma (HHNC)? - answerCrystalloid IV fluid resuscitation
What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? - answerNarcotic overdose
What is the most effective treatment for an unconscious patient in respiratory acidosis?
- answerAssisted bag-mask ventilation
An autoimmune disease that produces antibodies that mimic the role of TSH and cause
an increase in thyroid hormones is: - answerGraves' disease
Glucagon may not be effective treatment for a patient with hypoglycemia if they also
have which underlying illness? - answerAlcoholism
A 24-year-old has completed a triathlon on a hot, humid day. The athlete complains of
severe headache, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain. As the patient history is
obtained, the athlete becomes lethargic. What underlying electrolyte disturbance should
the healthcare provider most likely suspect? - answerHyponatremia
What is the sign on the ECG that will indicate a patient is experiencing hyperkalemia? -
answerPeaked T waves
An 82-year-old alcoholic complains of nausea, nonbloody vomiting, and severe
epigastric and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the back. Palpation reveals
epigastric tenderness without peritoneal signs. What working diagnosis should be
considered most likely? - answerAcute pancreatitis
A 23-year-old male complains of a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest
pain that has worsened over 3 days. A physical exam reveals unilateral wheezing with
shallow respirations. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 144/88, SpO2 90%, and T 102*F
(38.8*C). What treatment should be performed? - answerSupplemental oxygen and
immediate transport
A patient with suspected gallbladder disease is asked to take a deep breath while the
provider presses upward into the upper right quadrant. If the patient ceases inspiration
due to increased pain while being examined, this is known as: - answerMurphy's sign
