UNE Medical Biochem Final Exam Review Rated 100%
Correct!!
short chain fatty acids and medium chain fatty acids enter mitochondria by:
Diffusion
Under fasting conditions (ratio of insulin to glucagon <1), elevated glucagon will
activate which of the following enzymes?
Hormone sensitive lipase
the process of ketogenesis refers to the conversion of acetyl-CoA to which of the
following compounds?
B-hydroxybutyrate
A well, 2-year-old female presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral illness.
She had vomiting and diarrhea, weak, hypoglycemic, elevated liver enzymes, NO
KETONES in urine. Laboratory analysis shows elevated medium chain fatty
acylcarnitines in blood....which abnormality is the likely diagnosis for the child?
Defect of medium chain coenzyme A dehydrogenase
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are diagnostic indicators of the
presentation of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following compounds
are ketone bodies that would be elevated in serum and urine from a patient in this
condition?
B-hydroxybutyrate and aceotoacetate
Which of the following shuttle systems is necessary for the oxidation of long
chain fatty acids?
carnitine
B-oxidation of long chain fatty acids is inhibited by:
Malonyl-CoA
An 11-year-old female...thirsty, frequent urination...thin, in the 30th percentile for
height and weight....glucose in urine. Evaluation of bloodwork would reveal
decreased levels of which of the following compounds or hormones?
Insulin
Malate can be converted to pyruvate in the cytosol. Which of the following
compounds is directly generated in this conversion and is essential for fatty acid
synthesis?
NADPH
Insulin stimulates lipogenesis through several mechanisms. Which of the
following is not an insulin-stimulated process that enhances lipogenesis?
Decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Under conditions when glucose oxidation is elevated, the acetyl CoA produced
will allosterically activate which of the following enzymes leading to an increase
in production of oxaloacetate?
pyruvate carboxylase
An individual consumes a large meal consisting of a cheeseburger and fries.
Which of the following intermediates is shuttled out of the TCA cycle to be used
as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
citrate
, Fatty acid synthesis is a multimeric enzyme complex. Which of the following
subunits contains pantothenic acid as a cofactor?
Acyl carrier protein (ACP)
Under fasting conditions, acetyl CoA carboxylase will be inhibited by an increase
in which of the following compounds?
Fatty acyl-CoA
The de novo synthesis of fatty acid synthase enzyme complex results in the
synthesis of:
only palmitic acid (C16:0)
Which of the following is the regulated step of lipogenesis in eukaryotes?
Carboxylation of acetyl-CoA
Which of the following best describes the role of HDL particles?
HDL particles are required for the transport of cholesterol prom peripheral tissues to the
liver
Which of the following lipoproteins illustrated below is most consistent with an
LDL?
3
Analysis of a patient's serum revealed elevated VLDL levels. Which one of the
following mechanisms could account for this observation?
Decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase
A 6-year-old male is brought to PCP. Recent decline in schoolwork, low plasma
LDL. This presentation would be consistent with a loss of which of the following
apoproteins?
ApoB100
A 12-year-old male is brought to PCP. Persistent blurred vision, xanthomas are
noted, laboratory testing reveals extremely low plasma HDL. This presentation
would be consistent with a loss of which of the following apoprotein?
ApoA
Nascent chylomicrons are synthesized in which of the following organs?
Intestine
Which of the following is the major source of extracellular cholesterol for human
tissue?
LDLs
Which lipoprotein is responsible for the process of reverse cholesterol transport
(the movement of cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver)?
HDL
Secondary bile salts are generated by bacterial modification of primary bile salts
in the intestinal lumen. These modifications have which of the following impacts
on bile salt solubility?
Decrease solubility
Which of the following best describes the primary role of bile salts during the
digestive process?
They are used for the emulsification of dietary lipids
Under fasted conditions, (glucagon is elevated), which of the following enzymes
will be phosphorylated and inactive?
HMG-CoA reductase
Correct!!
short chain fatty acids and medium chain fatty acids enter mitochondria by:
Diffusion
Under fasting conditions (ratio of insulin to glucagon <1), elevated glucagon will
activate which of the following enzymes?
Hormone sensitive lipase
the process of ketogenesis refers to the conversion of acetyl-CoA to which of the
following compounds?
B-hydroxybutyrate
A well, 2-year-old female presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral illness.
She had vomiting and diarrhea, weak, hypoglycemic, elevated liver enzymes, NO
KETONES in urine. Laboratory analysis shows elevated medium chain fatty
acylcarnitines in blood....which abnormality is the likely diagnosis for the child?
Defect of medium chain coenzyme A dehydrogenase
Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are diagnostic indicators of the
presentation of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following compounds
are ketone bodies that would be elevated in serum and urine from a patient in this
condition?
B-hydroxybutyrate and aceotoacetate
Which of the following shuttle systems is necessary for the oxidation of long
chain fatty acids?
carnitine
B-oxidation of long chain fatty acids is inhibited by:
Malonyl-CoA
An 11-year-old female...thirsty, frequent urination...thin, in the 30th percentile for
height and weight....glucose in urine. Evaluation of bloodwork would reveal
decreased levels of which of the following compounds or hormones?
Insulin
Malate can be converted to pyruvate in the cytosol. Which of the following
compounds is directly generated in this conversion and is essential for fatty acid
synthesis?
NADPH
Insulin stimulates lipogenesis through several mechanisms. Which of the
following is not an insulin-stimulated process that enhances lipogenesis?
Decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Under conditions when glucose oxidation is elevated, the acetyl CoA produced
will allosterically activate which of the following enzymes leading to an increase
in production of oxaloacetate?
pyruvate carboxylase
An individual consumes a large meal consisting of a cheeseburger and fries.
Which of the following intermediates is shuttled out of the TCA cycle to be used
as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
citrate
, Fatty acid synthesis is a multimeric enzyme complex. Which of the following
subunits contains pantothenic acid as a cofactor?
Acyl carrier protein (ACP)
Under fasting conditions, acetyl CoA carboxylase will be inhibited by an increase
in which of the following compounds?
Fatty acyl-CoA
The de novo synthesis of fatty acid synthase enzyme complex results in the
synthesis of:
only palmitic acid (C16:0)
Which of the following is the regulated step of lipogenesis in eukaryotes?
Carboxylation of acetyl-CoA
Which of the following best describes the role of HDL particles?
HDL particles are required for the transport of cholesterol prom peripheral tissues to the
liver
Which of the following lipoproteins illustrated below is most consistent with an
LDL?
3
Analysis of a patient's serum revealed elevated VLDL levels. Which one of the
following mechanisms could account for this observation?
Decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase
A 6-year-old male is brought to PCP. Recent decline in schoolwork, low plasma
LDL. This presentation would be consistent with a loss of which of the following
apoproteins?
ApoB100
A 12-year-old male is brought to PCP. Persistent blurred vision, xanthomas are
noted, laboratory testing reveals extremely low plasma HDL. This presentation
would be consistent with a loss of which of the following apoprotein?
ApoA
Nascent chylomicrons are synthesized in which of the following organs?
Intestine
Which of the following is the major source of extracellular cholesterol for human
tissue?
LDLs
Which lipoprotein is responsible for the process of reverse cholesterol transport
(the movement of cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver)?
HDL
Secondary bile salts are generated by bacterial modification of primary bile salts
in the intestinal lumen. These modifications have which of the following impacts
on bile salt solubility?
Decrease solubility
Which of the following best describes the primary role of bile salts during the
digestive process?
They are used for the emulsification of dietary lipids
Under fasted conditions, (glucagon is elevated), which of the following enzymes
will be phosphorylated and inactive?
HMG-CoA reductase
