Chapter 8: Muscular System Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition

Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition Chapter 8: Muscular System 8.1 Muscle Naming 1. Which muscle naming criteria are used to name the quadriceps femoris? a. Muscle action and location b. The origin and insertion c. Location and direction of muscle fibres d. Location and number of origins Answer is D: Femoris refers to location on the femur, quadriceps refers to four origins. 2. Which of the following muscles is named according to its origin and insertion? a. Transversus abdominus b. Semimembranosus c. Sternocleidomastoid d. Deltoid Answer is C: The origin is on the sternum and clavicle (sternocleido-), while the insertion (on the “moving bone”) is to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 3. Which of the muscles listed below is named according to its action? a. Adductor longus b. Temporalis c. Sternocleidomastoid d. Peroneus longus Answer is A: Adduction is the action of bringing an abducted bone back towards the body’s midline. 4. Where are the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles located? a. Seminal vesicle b. Thigh c. Forearm d. Back Answer is B: They are two of the three “hamstring” muscles on the dorsal thigh, the other being the biceps femoris. 5. What information is contained in the muscle name “biceps brachii”? a. The muscle location and the number of origins b. The number of origins and the muscle action c. The muscle size and location in the body d. The muscle’s shape and its action Answer is A: “Brachii” indicates location on the brachus (arm), while “biceps” refers to the two origins (attachments) of the muscle. 6. What is the gluteus maximus named for? Its: a. Size b. Shape c. Action d. Origin and insertion Answer is A: The gluteus maximus is larger than either the gluteus medius or gluteus minimus. 7. Which of the following muscles is NOT named after its location in the body? a. Deltoid b. Extensor carpi ulnaris c. Rectus abdominus d. Biceps femoris Answer is A: The deltoid is named after its shape, which is likened to the capital Greek letter delta (a triangle). 8. Which of the following muscles is NOT named after its location in the body? a. Biceps brachii b. Sternocleidomastoid c. Rectus abdominus d. Flexor carpi radialis Answer is B: The sternocleidomastoid is named after its origins (on the sternum and clavicle) and insertion (the mastoid process). 9. Which of the following muscles is NOT named after its location in the body? a. Latissimus dorsi b. Adductor longus c. Rectus femoris d. Biceps brachii Answer is B: “Adductor” refers to the action of adduction, while longus refers to its size. Latissimus dorsi refers to the dorsal surface of the body. 10. Which muscles extend the leg? a. Quadriceps b. Hamstrings c. Gluteus muscles d. Soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior Answer is A: Anatomically “leg” refers the limb between the knee and ankle. Extension of the leg is achieved by contacting the quadriceps (on the front of the thigh). 11. Which of the following muscles is named after its location in the body? a. Sartorius b. Triceps brachii c. Soleus d. Trapezius Answer is B: “Brachii” refers to the location on the arm (brachus). 12. The muscles involved in mastication include which of the following? a. Sternocleidomastoid, scalene b. Sartorius, gracilis, soleus c. Temporalis, masseter, buccinator d. Orbicularis oculi, mentalis Answer is C: The muscles in choice A move the neck and head, those in choice B are in the thigh and leg, while the orbicularis oculi is a facial muscle that encircles the eye. 13. What action does the flexor carpi ulnaris perform? a. It flexes the lower arm. b. The same as the extensor carpi ulnaris. c. It flexes the fingers. d. The same as the flexor carpi radialis. Answer is D: The flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi radialis perform the same action—flexing the wrist—the former lies superficial to the ulna bone, while the latter is adjacent and superficial to the radius bone. 14. Which of the following muscles is named using the criterion of its size? a. Sternocleidomastoid b. Gluteus medius c. Flexor digitorum profundus d. Trapezius Answer is B: “Medius” implies intermediate, in this case between the gluteus maximus and the gluteus minimus.