Molecular Biology of The Cell – Alberts chapter 002 Test Bank
With Correct Answers 2023/2024
How many species are there? correct answers Around 8.7 Million
Most living organisms have how many cells? correct answers Most are single celled organisms
Others, such as ourselves, are multicellular organisms in which groups of cells perform specialized
functions and are linked by intricate systems of communcation.
How many cells does a human body have? correct answers 10¹³
How are human cells generated? correct answers The whole is generated from cell division
What is the "vehicle" for hereditary information for organisms? correct answers The cell, which carries
the hereditary information that defines the species.
And specified by this information, the cell includes machinery to gather raw materials from the
environment and to construct out of them a new cell in its own image.
How long have living cells been evolving? correct answers 3.5 Billion years
Where do all living cell store their hereditary information? correct answers In DNA.
What is DNA's Structure? correct answers Double stranded molecules - long unbranched paired polymer
chains, called strands, twisted into a double helix made from the same four monomers - A, T, C and G -
and they are strung together in long linear sequences that encodes the genetic information, just as the
sequence of 1s and 0s encode the information of a computer file.
Parts of a nucleotide? correct answers sugar (dioxyribose) with a phosphate group attached to it, and a
nitrogen-containing base, which may be either adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine.
Each strands are liked via sugar-phosphate group linkages, creating a polymer chain composed of repitive
sugar-phosphate backbone with a series of bases protruding from it.
Concept: A single isolated strand, can be, in principle added in any orgder, because each links in the
same way. correct answers Basically, A will always go to T, C always to G and the phosphates will always
link to the sugar, etc.
What are the bond between nucleotides on opposide strands? correct answers Weak hydrogen bonds -
This allows the two DNA strands to be pulled apart without breakage of their backbones.
Each strand can then serve as a template for the stnthesis of a fresh DNA strand complementary to itself
- a fresh copy, that is, of hereditary information.
The bonds between nucleotides on individual strands? correct answers Strong covalent bonds
, DNA Replication correct answers The process by which a copy of DNA ia made
What are the rates of cell replication in cells? correct answers They are different and depend on the type
of cellWith different controls to start it or stop it, and different auxiliary molecules to help it along.
How does DNA polymerization work? correct answers DNA is the information store, and templated
polymerization is the way in which this information is copied throughout the living world.
Transcription correct answers Strands of DNA sequences are used as a template for the synthesis of
shorter molecules of the closerly related polymer RNA;
Copying of one strand of DNA into a complementary RNA sequence by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Later in the process of translation, many of these RNA molecules direct the synthesis of polymers of a
radically different chemical class - proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid correct answers Polymer formed from covalently linked ribonucleotide monomers.
It acts as the intermediate in the transfer of genetic information; they mainly serve as mRNA to guide the
synthesis of proteins according to the DNA.
Translation correct answers Process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA molecule directs the
incorporation of amino acids into protein. Occurs on a ribosome.
RNA structure? correct answers The backbone is formed of a slightly different sugar than that of DNA -
ribose instead of deoxyribose - and one of the four bases is slightly different - uracil (U) in place of
thymine; But the other three bases are all the same.
Being single stranded, their backbone is flexible, so that the polymer chain can bend back on itself to
allow one part of the molecular to form weak bonds with another part of the same molecular.
This occurs when segments of the sequence are locally complementary: a...GGGGG.... segment for
example, will tend to associate with a ...CCCC... segment. This can cause an RNA chain to fold up into a
specific shape that is dictated by its sequence.
RNA polymerization? correct answers They use template polymerization; The dna remplate strand
receives RNA monomers.
Can that same segment make more RNA? correct answers The same segment of DNA can be used
repeatedly to guide the synthesis of many identical RNA transcripts. Thus, whereas the cell's archive of
genetic information in the form of Dna is fixed and sancrosanct, the RNA are mass-produced and
disposable.
What is RNA mainly? correct answers Messanger RNA aka mRNA
Protein and Structure correct answers The major macromolecular constituent of cells. a linear polymer
of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence.
With Correct Answers 2023/2024
How many species are there? correct answers Around 8.7 Million
Most living organisms have how many cells? correct answers Most are single celled organisms
Others, such as ourselves, are multicellular organisms in which groups of cells perform specialized
functions and are linked by intricate systems of communcation.
How many cells does a human body have? correct answers 10¹³
How are human cells generated? correct answers The whole is generated from cell division
What is the "vehicle" for hereditary information for organisms? correct answers The cell, which carries
the hereditary information that defines the species.
And specified by this information, the cell includes machinery to gather raw materials from the
environment and to construct out of them a new cell in its own image.
How long have living cells been evolving? correct answers 3.5 Billion years
Where do all living cell store their hereditary information? correct answers In DNA.
What is DNA's Structure? correct answers Double stranded molecules - long unbranched paired polymer
chains, called strands, twisted into a double helix made from the same four monomers - A, T, C and G -
and they are strung together in long linear sequences that encodes the genetic information, just as the
sequence of 1s and 0s encode the information of a computer file.
Parts of a nucleotide? correct answers sugar (dioxyribose) with a phosphate group attached to it, and a
nitrogen-containing base, which may be either adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine.
Each strands are liked via sugar-phosphate group linkages, creating a polymer chain composed of repitive
sugar-phosphate backbone with a series of bases protruding from it.
Concept: A single isolated strand, can be, in principle added in any orgder, because each links in the
same way. correct answers Basically, A will always go to T, C always to G and the phosphates will always
link to the sugar, etc.
What are the bond between nucleotides on opposide strands? correct answers Weak hydrogen bonds -
This allows the two DNA strands to be pulled apart without breakage of their backbones.
Each strand can then serve as a template for the stnthesis of a fresh DNA strand complementary to itself
- a fresh copy, that is, of hereditary information.
The bonds between nucleotides on individual strands? correct answers Strong covalent bonds
, DNA Replication correct answers The process by which a copy of DNA ia made
What are the rates of cell replication in cells? correct answers They are different and depend on the type
of cellWith different controls to start it or stop it, and different auxiliary molecules to help it along.
How does DNA polymerization work? correct answers DNA is the information store, and templated
polymerization is the way in which this information is copied throughout the living world.
Transcription correct answers Strands of DNA sequences are used as a template for the synthesis of
shorter molecules of the closerly related polymer RNA;
Copying of one strand of DNA into a complementary RNA sequence by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Later in the process of translation, many of these RNA molecules direct the synthesis of polymers of a
radically different chemical class - proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid correct answers Polymer formed from covalently linked ribonucleotide monomers.
It acts as the intermediate in the transfer of genetic information; they mainly serve as mRNA to guide the
synthesis of proteins according to the DNA.
Translation correct answers Process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA molecule directs the
incorporation of amino acids into protein. Occurs on a ribosome.
RNA structure? correct answers The backbone is formed of a slightly different sugar than that of DNA -
ribose instead of deoxyribose - and one of the four bases is slightly different - uracil (U) in place of
thymine; But the other three bases are all the same.
Being single stranded, their backbone is flexible, so that the polymer chain can bend back on itself to
allow one part of the molecular to form weak bonds with another part of the same molecular.
This occurs when segments of the sequence are locally complementary: a...GGGGG.... segment for
example, will tend to associate with a ...CCCC... segment. This can cause an RNA chain to fold up into a
specific shape that is dictated by its sequence.
RNA polymerization? correct answers They use template polymerization; The dna remplate strand
receives RNA monomers.
Can that same segment make more RNA? correct answers The same segment of DNA can be used
repeatedly to guide the synthesis of many identical RNA transcripts. Thus, whereas the cell's archive of
genetic information in the form of Dna is fixed and sancrosanct, the RNA are mass-produced and
disposable.
What is RNA mainly? correct answers Messanger RNA aka mRNA
Protein and Structure correct answers The major macromolecular constituent of cells. a linear polymer
of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence.
