CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM WITH
ANSWERS
law of conservation of mass - Answer-the law that states that mass cannot be created
or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
law of definate proportions - Answer-the law that states a chemical compound always
contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass
law of multiple proportions - Answer-the law that states that when two elements
combine to form two or more compounds, the mass of one element that combines with
a given mass of the other is in the ratio of small whole numbers
atom - Answer-the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of
the element
nuclear forces - Answer-the interaction that binds protons and neutrons, protons and
protons, and neutrons and neutrons together in a nucleus
atomic number - Answer-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
isotope - Answer-an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the
same element do but that has a different number of neutrons
mass number - Answer-the sum of the number of neutrons and protons that make up
the nucleus of an atom
nuclide - Answer-An atom that is identified by the number of protons and neutrons in its
nucleus
atomic mass unit - Answer-a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or
molecule
average atomic mass - Answer-weighted average of the atomic masses for the isotopes
of an element
mole - Answer-the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose
number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in exactly 12g of
carbon-12
Avogadro's number - Answer-used to find molecules. the number of atoms or molecules
in one mole (6.022 x 10^23)
, molar mass - Answer-the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance
Electromagnetic radiation - Answer-A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as
it travels through space
Electromagnetic spectrum - Answer-All of the frequencies or wavelengths of
electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength - Answer-The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Frequency - Answer-the number of waves that pass a given point per second
Photoelectric effect - Answer-The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines
on the metal
Quantum - Answer-The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an
atom
Photon - Answer-A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying
a quantum of energy
Ground state - Answer-The lowest energy state of an atom
Excited state - Answer-A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it
has in its ground state
Line-emission spectrum - Answer-A diagram or graph that indicates the degree to which
a substance emits radiant energy with respect to wavelength
Continuous spectrum - Answer-The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation
Heisenberg uncertainty principle - Answer-It is impossible to know exactly both the
velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
Quantum theory - Answer-Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons
and other very small particles
Orbital - Answer-Three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the
probable location of an electron
Quantum numbers - Answer-Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties
of electrons in orbitals.
Principle quantum number - Answer-Symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level
occupied by the electron
ANSWERS
law of conservation of mass - Answer-the law that states that mass cannot be created
or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
law of definate proportions - Answer-the law that states a chemical compound always
contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass
law of multiple proportions - Answer-the law that states that when two elements
combine to form two or more compounds, the mass of one element that combines with
a given mass of the other is in the ratio of small whole numbers
atom - Answer-the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of
the element
nuclear forces - Answer-the interaction that binds protons and neutrons, protons and
protons, and neutrons and neutrons together in a nucleus
atomic number - Answer-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
isotope - Answer-an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the
same element do but that has a different number of neutrons
mass number - Answer-the sum of the number of neutrons and protons that make up
the nucleus of an atom
nuclide - Answer-An atom that is identified by the number of protons and neutrons in its
nucleus
atomic mass unit - Answer-a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or
molecule
average atomic mass - Answer-weighted average of the atomic masses for the isotopes
of an element
mole - Answer-the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose
number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in exactly 12g of
carbon-12
Avogadro's number - Answer-used to find molecules. the number of atoms or molecules
in one mole (6.022 x 10^23)
, molar mass - Answer-the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance
Electromagnetic radiation - Answer-A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as
it travels through space
Electromagnetic spectrum - Answer-All of the frequencies or wavelengths of
electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength - Answer-The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Frequency - Answer-the number of waves that pass a given point per second
Photoelectric effect - Answer-The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines
on the metal
Quantum - Answer-The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an
atom
Photon - Answer-A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying
a quantum of energy
Ground state - Answer-The lowest energy state of an atom
Excited state - Answer-A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it
has in its ground state
Line-emission spectrum - Answer-A diagram or graph that indicates the degree to which
a substance emits radiant energy with respect to wavelength
Continuous spectrum - Answer-The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation
Heisenberg uncertainty principle - Answer-It is impossible to know exactly both the
velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
Quantum theory - Answer-Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons
and other very small particles
Orbital - Answer-Three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the
probable location of an electron
Quantum numbers - Answer-Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties
of electrons in orbitals.
Principle quantum number - Answer-Symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level
occupied by the electron
