Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2: Skeletal System ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 3: Respiratory System .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular System............................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 5: Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System .................................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 6: Hepatobiliary System................................................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 7: Urinary System ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 8: Central Nervous System ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Chapter 9: Hemopoietic System ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Chapter 10: Reproductive System............................................................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 11: Endocrine System ................................................................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 12: Traumatic Disease .................................................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The sequence of events producing cellular changes following injury best defines:
a. manifestations.
b. pathogenesis.
c. sign.
d. symptom.
ANS: B REF: p. 2
2. An abnormal disturbance of the function and structure of the human body following injuryrefers to:
a. disease.
b. etiology.
c. manifestations.
d. pathogenesis.
ANS: A REF: p. 2
3. The study of the cause of disease is termed:
a. disease.
b. etiology.
c. pathogenesis.
d. prognosis.
ANS: B REF: p. 2
4. Common agents that cause disease include:
1. bacteria.
2. chemicals.
3. heat.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
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, d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D REF: p. 2
5. A syndrome is best defined as:
a. a genetic abnormality of a single protein.
b. an adverse response to medical treatment.
c. the patient’s perception of the disease.
d. signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance.
ANS: D REF: p. 2
6. An adverse response to medical treatment itself is termed:
a. autoimmune.
b. iatrogenic.
c. idiopathic.
d. nosocomial.
ANS: B REF: p. 3
7. Prognosis refers to:
a. diseases usually having a quick onset.
b. the name of the particular disease.
c. the predicted course and outcome of the disease.
d. the structure of cells or tissue.
ANS: C REF: p. 3
8. Diseases that generally require a decrease in the exposure technique are considered:
a. destructive.
b. lytic.
c. subtractive.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D REF: p. 3
9. The investigation of disease occurring in large groups best defines:
a. epidemiology.
b. incidence.
c. prevalence.
d. all of the above.
ANS: A REF: p. 3
10. Data regarding the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a populationare
collected and reported by the:
a. American College of Radiology.
b. Centers for Disease Control.
c. Food and Drug Administration.
d. National Center for Health Statistics.
ANS: D REF: p. 2
11. Which of the following are leading causes of death in the United States for adults aged 45years and
2|Page
, greater?
1. Heart disease
2. Malignant neoplasm
3. Polycystic kidney disease
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A REF: p. 4
12. In 2010, health spending accounted for approximately % of the U.S. gross domestic
product.
a. 12
b. 17
c. 21
d. 33
ANS: B REF: p. 7
13. Each cell in the human body, except the reproductive cells, contains pairs of autosomal
chromosomes and sex chromosomes.
a. 11; 1
b. 11; 2
c. 22; 1
d. 22; 2
ANS: D REF: p. 8
14. The types of gene maps that grew out of the identification of DNA sequences include
maps.
1. genetic
2. SNP
3. physical
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: B REF: p. 8
15. The identification of common DNA pattern sequences and common patterns of geneticvariations
of single DNA bases resulted in:
a. the Genome Project.
b. genetic linkage maps.
c. haplotype mapping.
d. physical mapping.
ANS: C REF: p. 8
16. Diseases that are present at birth from genetic or environmental factors are classified as:
a. congenital.
b. degenerative.
3|Page
, c. genetic.
d. metabolic.
ANS: A REF: p. 10
17. A genetic disorder caused by an abnormality on one of the 22 nonsex chromosomes is
considered:
a. autosomal.
b. dominant.
c. recessive.
d. sex linked.
ANS: A REF: p. 11
18. A protein coat surrounding a genome of either RNA or DNA without an organized cellularstructure
best describes which type of microorganism?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Virus
d. All of the above
ANS: C REF: p. 11
19. The ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome the body’s defenses best describes:
a. etiology.
b. infection.
c. pathogenesis.
d. virulence.
ANS: D REF: p. 12
20. Diseases caused by the disturbance of normal physiologic function are classified as:
a. degenerative.
b. metabolic.
c. neoplastic.
d. traumatic.
ANS: B REF: p. 13
21. The lymph node into which the primary neoplasm drains during metastasis is termed the
node.
a. primary
b. sentinel
c. metastatic
d. neoplastic
ANS: B REF: p. 14
22. The spread of cancerous cells into surrounding tissue by virtue of the close proximity bestdescribes:
a. lymphatic spread.
b. hematogenous spread.
c. invasion.
d. oncogenesis.
ANS: C REF: p. 16
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2: Skeletal System ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 3: Respiratory System .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular System............................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 5: Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System .................................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 6: Hepatobiliary System................................................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 7: Urinary System ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 8: Central Nervous System ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Chapter 9: Hemopoietic System ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Chapter 10: Reproductive System............................................................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 11: Endocrine System ................................................................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 12: Traumatic Disease .................................................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The sequence of events producing cellular changes following injury best defines:
a. manifestations.
b. pathogenesis.
c. sign.
d. symptom.
ANS: B REF: p. 2
2. An abnormal disturbance of the function and structure of the human body following injuryrefers to:
a. disease.
b. etiology.
c. manifestations.
d. pathogenesis.
ANS: A REF: p. 2
3. The study of the cause of disease is termed:
a. disease.
b. etiology.
c. pathogenesis.
d. prognosis.
ANS: B REF: p. 2
4. Common agents that cause disease include:
1. bacteria.
2. chemicals.
3. heat.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
1|Page
, d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D REF: p. 2
5. A syndrome is best defined as:
a. a genetic abnormality of a single protein.
b. an adverse response to medical treatment.
c. the patient’s perception of the disease.
d. signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance.
ANS: D REF: p. 2
6. An adverse response to medical treatment itself is termed:
a. autoimmune.
b. iatrogenic.
c. idiopathic.
d. nosocomial.
ANS: B REF: p. 3
7. Prognosis refers to:
a. diseases usually having a quick onset.
b. the name of the particular disease.
c. the predicted course and outcome of the disease.
d. the structure of cells or tissue.
ANS: C REF: p. 3
8. Diseases that generally require a decrease in the exposure technique are considered:
a. destructive.
b. lytic.
c. subtractive.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D REF: p. 3
9. The investigation of disease occurring in large groups best defines:
a. epidemiology.
b. incidence.
c. prevalence.
d. all of the above.
ANS: A REF: p. 3
10. Data regarding the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a populationare
collected and reported by the:
a. American College of Radiology.
b. Centers for Disease Control.
c. Food and Drug Administration.
d. National Center for Health Statistics.
ANS: D REF: p. 2
11. Which of the following are leading causes of death in the United States for adults aged 45years and
2|Page
, greater?
1. Heart disease
2. Malignant neoplasm
3. Polycystic kidney disease
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A REF: p. 4
12. In 2010, health spending accounted for approximately % of the U.S. gross domestic
product.
a. 12
b. 17
c. 21
d. 33
ANS: B REF: p. 7
13. Each cell in the human body, except the reproductive cells, contains pairs of autosomal
chromosomes and sex chromosomes.
a. 11; 1
b. 11; 2
c. 22; 1
d. 22; 2
ANS: D REF: p. 8
14. The types of gene maps that grew out of the identification of DNA sequences include
maps.
1. genetic
2. SNP
3. physical
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: B REF: p. 8
15. The identification of common DNA pattern sequences and common patterns of geneticvariations
of single DNA bases resulted in:
a. the Genome Project.
b. genetic linkage maps.
c. haplotype mapping.
d. physical mapping.
ANS: C REF: p. 8
16. Diseases that are present at birth from genetic or environmental factors are classified as:
a. congenital.
b. degenerative.
3|Page
, c. genetic.
d. metabolic.
ANS: A REF: p. 10
17. A genetic disorder caused by an abnormality on one of the 22 nonsex chromosomes is
considered:
a. autosomal.
b. dominant.
c. recessive.
d. sex linked.
ANS: A REF: p. 11
18. A protein coat surrounding a genome of either RNA or DNA without an organized cellularstructure
best describes which type of microorganism?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Virus
d. All of the above
ANS: C REF: p. 11
19. The ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome the body’s defenses best describes:
a. etiology.
b. infection.
c. pathogenesis.
d. virulence.
ANS: D REF: p. 12
20. Diseases caused by the disturbance of normal physiologic function are classified as:
a. degenerative.
b. metabolic.
c. neoplastic.
d. traumatic.
ANS: B REF: p. 13
21. The lymph node into which the primary neoplasm drains during metastasis is termed the
node.
a. primary
b. sentinel
c. metastatic
d. neoplastic
ANS: B REF: p. 14
22. The spread of cancerous cells into surrounding tissue by virtue of the close proximity bestdescribes:
a. lymphatic spread.
b. hematogenous spread.
c. invasion.
d. oncogenesis.
ANS: C REF: p. 16
4|Page
