Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Origins and Insertions of
Muscles 2023-2024 Latest
Gastrocnemius - Correct answer A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus - Correct answer A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior - Correct answer A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior - Correct answer A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle
stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of
all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus - Correct answer A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia.
Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris - Correct answer A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the
knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus - Correct answer A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral
stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
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,Peroneus Brevis - Correct answer A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives
lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius - Correct answer A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus - Correct answer A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued
action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus - Correct answer A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and
everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of
bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus - Correct answer Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
Flexor Digitorum Longus - Correct answer Action:
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, Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle shaft)
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles
Vastus Medialis - Correct answer A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O: Lower
1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus
I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosity
Vastus Intermedius - Correct answer A: Extends leg at the knee
O: Proximal 2/3 of anterolateral surface of femur, upper part of lateral supracondylar line
I: by tendons of the rectus and vasti muscles into the superior border of patella and through
patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity.
Vastus Lateralis - Correct answer A: Extends leg at the knee and draws patella laterally
O: Upper part of intertrocheanteric line, anterior and lower borders of greater trochanter, tendon
of gluteus maximus
I: Lateral border of the patella and through the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity
Rectus Femoris - Correct answer A: Extension of leg at knee. Flexion of thigh at hip
O: Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine
Reflected head: Groove on upper brim of acetabulum
I: Upper border of patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity
Semimembranosus - Correct answer A: Flexes and Medially rotates the leg at the knee.
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip.
O: Upper and lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia
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Muscles 2023-2024 Latest
Gastrocnemius - Correct answer A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus - Correct answer A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior - Correct answer A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior - Correct answer A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle
stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of
all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus - Correct answer A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia.
Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris - Correct answer A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the
knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus - Correct answer A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral
stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
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,Peroneus Brevis - Correct answer A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives
lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius - Correct answer A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus - Correct answer A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued
action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus - Correct answer A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and
everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of
bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus - Correct answer Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
Flexor Digitorum Longus - Correct answer Action:
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, Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle shaft)
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles
Vastus Medialis - Correct answer A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O: Lower
1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus
I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosity
Vastus Intermedius - Correct answer A: Extends leg at the knee
O: Proximal 2/3 of anterolateral surface of femur, upper part of lateral supracondylar line
I: by tendons of the rectus and vasti muscles into the superior border of patella and through
patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity.
Vastus Lateralis - Correct answer A: Extends leg at the knee and draws patella laterally
O: Upper part of intertrocheanteric line, anterior and lower borders of greater trochanter, tendon
of gluteus maximus
I: Lateral border of the patella and through the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity
Rectus Femoris - Correct answer A: Extension of leg at knee. Flexion of thigh at hip
O: Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine
Reflected head: Groove on upper brim of acetabulum
I: Upper border of patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity
Semimembranosus - Correct answer A: Flexes and Medially rotates the leg at the knee.
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip.
O: Upper and lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia
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