BASIC CARE & COMFORT
(NURSING) EXAM
QNS & ANS
2023/2024
, 1. What are the four main types of wounds and how are they classified?
- The four main types of wounds are incisions, lacerations, punctures, and
avulsions. They are classified according to the cause, depth, and extent of
tissue damage.
- Incisions are clean cuts made by sharp objects, such as knives or scissors.
They have smooth edges and minimal tissue loss.
- Lacerations are irregular tears or splits in the skin or underlying tissues
caused by blunt force trauma, such as falls or accidents. They have jagged
edges and may involve significant tissue loss or damage.
- Punctures are small holes or openings in the skin or underlying tissues
caused by sharp objects, such as needles or nails. They have narrow entry
points and may penetrate deep into the body.
- Avulsions are partial or complete detachments of the skin or underlying
tissues caused by tearing or shearing forces, such as explosions or animal
bites. They have large exit points and may expose bones, muscles, or
organs.
2. What are the signs and symptoms of wound infection and what are the
appropriate interventions?
- The signs and symptoms of wound infection include redness, swelling,
warmth, pain, pus, foul odor, fever, and increased drainage. The appropriate
interventions include cleaning the wound with sterile saline or water, applying
topical antibiotics or antiseptics, dressing the wound with sterile gauze or
bandages, elevating the affected area, administering systemic antibiotics or
analgesics as prescribed, monitoring vital signs and wound healing, and
educating the patient on wound care and prevention of infection.
3. What are the principles of pressure ulcer prevention and management?
- The principles of pressure ulcer prevention and management are to identify
and eliminate the sources of pressure, friction, and shear; to assess and
monitor the skin for signs of breakdown; to maintain adequate nutrition and
hydration; to reposition the patient at least every two hours; to use pressure-
(NURSING) EXAM
QNS & ANS
2023/2024
, 1. What are the four main types of wounds and how are they classified?
- The four main types of wounds are incisions, lacerations, punctures, and
avulsions. They are classified according to the cause, depth, and extent of
tissue damage.
- Incisions are clean cuts made by sharp objects, such as knives or scissors.
They have smooth edges and minimal tissue loss.
- Lacerations are irregular tears or splits in the skin or underlying tissues
caused by blunt force trauma, such as falls or accidents. They have jagged
edges and may involve significant tissue loss or damage.
- Punctures are small holes or openings in the skin or underlying tissues
caused by sharp objects, such as needles or nails. They have narrow entry
points and may penetrate deep into the body.
- Avulsions are partial or complete detachments of the skin or underlying
tissues caused by tearing or shearing forces, such as explosions or animal
bites. They have large exit points and may expose bones, muscles, or
organs.
2. What are the signs and symptoms of wound infection and what are the
appropriate interventions?
- The signs and symptoms of wound infection include redness, swelling,
warmth, pain, pus, foul odor, fever, and increased drainage. The appropriate
interventions include cleaning the wound with sterile saline or water, applying
topical antibiotics or antiseptics, dressing the wound with sterile gauze or
bandages, elevating the affected area, administering systemic antibiotics or
analgesics as prescribed, monitoring vital signs and wound healing, and
educating the patient on wound care and prevention of infection.
3. What are the principles of pressure ulcer prevention and management?
- The principles of pressure ulcer prevention and management are to identify
and eliminate the sources of pressure, friction, and shear; to assess and
monitor the skin for signs of breakdown; to maintain adequate nutrition and
hydration; to reposition the patient at least every two hours; to use pressure-
