PNCB Exam 1
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the world
through senses and actions? – ANSWER Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things with
words and images? – ANSWER Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically about
concrete events and grasping concrete analogies? – ANSWER Piaget's Concrete
Operational, 7 to 11 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about hypothetical
scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? – ANSWER Piaget's Formal Operational,
12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - ANSWER12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - ANSWER7 to 11 years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - ANSWER2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? – ANSWER Birth to 2 years old
Describe independent play – ANSWER Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of what
others are doing? – ANSWER Independent play
Describe Parallel Play – ANSWER Children play adjacent to each other, but don't
influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along side
them without influencing or interacting with them? – ANSWER Parallel play
,What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? – ANSWER Interaction. There is
interaction with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest
but no coordinated activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? – ANSWER
Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by fragmentation of the parietal
bone associated with skull fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have
crepitus, fluid waves and ill-defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? -
ANSWERLow levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? - ANSWERHigh
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious of? -
ANSWERCerebral Palsy
When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - ANSWER5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - ANSWER1 year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have their
newborns followed for? - ANSWERhigher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? - ANSWERunconjugated
An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? - ANSWERbiliary
atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you monitor the
child for? - ANSWERhyperbilirubinemia
Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African
Americans, Greeks? - ANSWERAsians and American indians have highest risk. African
americans with G6PD deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in
higher elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact membranes at
38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? -
ANSWERPatient with a viral load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV,
should have a c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - ANSWERoral thrush
, What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - ANSWEROral
Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4
divided doses for 14 days of erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US? -
ANSWERChylamdia Trachomatis
What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? - ANSWERIV antibiotics -
ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose. Infant must be evaluated for
disseminated disease
What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis? - ANSWERCulture
What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric stenosis? -
ANSWERErythromycin and Azithromycin
A 3-day old neonate presents with conjunctivitis, what are you suspicious of? -
ANSWERGonococcal opthalmia
If an infant presents with Gonorrheoeae Conjunctivitis and also has hyperbilirubinemia,
what antibiotic should be employed? - ANSWERCefotaxime
What contraception method increases your risk for ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWERAn
IUD and progestin only contraceptive
Which method is most efficient in detecting HCG levels for diagnosis of pregnancy? -
ANSWERSerum is detectable in 48 hours post conception
What is Goodell's sign? - ANSWERIndication of pregnancy where there is significant
softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix
What is Hegar's sign? - ANSWERSoftening of the cervical isthmus present in second
and third months of pregnancy
Which type of eating disorder has arrhythmias as a cardiac finding? - ANSWERBulimia
Nervosa
Which type of eating disorder has an increase in carotene as a side effect? -
ANSWERAnorexia Nervosa
Which eating disorder has enlarged parotid gland finding on physical exam? -
ANSWERBulimia Nervos
Which disease causes an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis (shift to the right)? -
ANSWERPertussis
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the world
through senses and actions? – ANSWER Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things with
words and images? – ANSWER Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically about
concrete events and grasping concrete analogies? – ANSWER Piaget's Concrete
Operational, 7 to 11 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about hypothetical
scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? – ANSWER Piaget's Formal Operational,
12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - ANSWER12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - ANSWER7 to 11 years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - ANSWER2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? – ANSWER Birth to 2 years old
Describe independent play – ANSWER Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of what
others are doing? – ANSWER Independent play
Describe Parallel Play – ANSWER Children play adjacent to each other, but don't
influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along side
them without influencing or interacting with them? – ANSWER Parallel play
,What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? – ANSWER Interaction. There is
interaction with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest
but no coordinated activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? – ANSWER
Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by fragmentation of the parietal
bone associated with skull fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have
crepitus, fluid waves and ill-defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? -
ANSWERLow levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? - ANSWERHigh
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious of? -
ANSWERCerebral Palsy
When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - ANSWER5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - ANSWER1 year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have their
newborns followed for? - ANSWERhigher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? - ANSWERunconjugated
An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? - ANSWERbiliary
atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you monitor the
child for? - ANSWERhyperbilirubinemia
Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African
Americans, Greeks? - ANSWERAsians and American indians have highest risk. African
americans with G6PD deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in
higher elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact membranes at
38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? -
ANSWERPatient with a viral load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV,
should have a c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - ANSWERoral thrush
, What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - ANSWEROral
Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4
divided doses for 14 days of erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US? -
ANSWERChylamdia Trachomatis
What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? - ANSWERIV antibiotics -
ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose. Infant must be evaluated for
disseminated disease
What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis? - ANSWERCulture
What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric stenosis? -
ANSWERErythromycin and Azithromycin
A 3-day old neonate presents with conjunctivitis, what are you suspicious of? -
ANSWERGonococcal opthalmia
If an infant presents with Gonorrheoeae Conjunctivitis and also has hyperbilirubinemia,
what antibiotic should be employed? - ANSWERCefotaxime
What contraception method increases your risk for ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWERAn
IUD and progestin only contraceptive
Which method is most efficient in detecting HCG levels for diagnosis of pregnancy? -
ANSWERSerum is detectable in 48 hours post conception
What is Goodell's sign? - ANSWERIndication of pregnancy where there is significant
softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix
What is Hegar's sign? - ANSWERSoftening of the cervical isthmus present in second
and third months of pregnancy
Which type of eating disorder has arrhythmias as a cardiac finding? - ANSWERBulimia
Nervosa
Which type of eating disorder has an increase in carotene as a side effect? -
ANSWERAnorexia Nervosa
Which eating disorder has enlarged parotid gland finding on physical exam? -
ANSWERBulimia Nervos
Which disease causes an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis (shift to the right)? -
ANSWERPertussis
