CRAT Review
Monitoring - ANSWERTransmitted over phone to a LICENSED
ractitioner to read (magnetic tape), Patients use up to 30 days
Digital Monitoring - ANSWERTransmitted over a computer where report is verified by a
licensed practitioner
Telemedicine monitoring is usually used to evaluate_____________ - ANSWERArtificial
Pacemaker Functioning
Ambulatory Monitor - ANSWERMost common type is holter monitor (continuous or
intermittent-only records when patient has symptoms. Used for dysrhythmias,
evaluation cardic meds, and checking pacemakers-24-48 hrs-up to 30 days
Procedure for applying ambulatory monitor (holter) - ANSWEREducate patient,
equipment gathered and prepared, electrodes placed on chest, equipment hooked up
Procedure for removing - ANSWERbefore removing, diary must be complete by patient,
then turn off recording, remove electrodes, clean skin, report results
*process is based on type of equipment uses
Functions of common ECG machine - ANSWER3 basic functions are input, signal
processing, output display. Sensors in ECG machine serve as receiving devices for the
electrical activity of the heart.
INPUT-Electrode placed on patients skin direct impulses to ECG instrument, providing
the input. Signal processing happens in ECG machine, output display is the result of
processing and is shown on screen (known as oscilloscope) and/or on ECG tracings.
Electronic output is quickly becoming most common choice for ECG tracings.
ECG machine controls - ANSWER# most common are speed, gain, artifact filter.
also have these controls: LCD display, heart rate limits, standardization, and lead
section
Speed control - ANSWERregulates how fast or slow the paper or data run during
procedure. MOST COMMONLY USED: 25 mm/sec
*increasing the speed for example to 50mm/sec will make wave forms appear wider and
is useful if patient heart rate is very fast. if you change the speed you must note on
tracing by circling the setting on tracing and notify the healthcare provider
*speed in measure on a horizontial axis
, Gain - ANSWERcontrol on ECG machine that increases or decreases size of ECG
tracing. Normal setting is 10mm/mV. 20mm/V will double size and 5mm/V will reduce
size by half
* NEED TO KNOW mV is a millivolt-unit of measurement to indicate voltage- Voltage is
measures on a vertical axis
Artifact Filter - ANSWERunwanted marks on ECG tracing caused by something other
than heart activity
*Normal settings is between 40-150Hz, 40 Hz can be used to reduce artifact
3 most common causes of artifact are: - ANSWERSomatic tremor, wandering baseline,
and AC interference
History of ECG - ANSWER1903-Wilhelm Einthoven
ECG graph paper - ANSWERBoxes are 5mm by 5mm and indicate .04 seconds in time
horizontally and .1 mV in voltage vertically
How many seconds are between 3 tick marks on top of ecg paper? - ANSWER6
seconds
EGC PAPER provides measurement for both______ - ANSWERtime and voltage.
smallest box =.04 second in time and 1mm or .1mV in voltage
2 large boxes =10mm, which equals 1cm for vertical measurement.
ECG machines must be calibrated - ANSWERso that 1cm=1mV
Center for disease control & Prevention has 2 levels of precautions which
are_________ - ANSWER1. Standard-Hand Hygiene/gloves for blood/body fluids, non-
intact skin, and mucous membranes. For standard wash hands and use gloves
2.Isolation precautions-airborne, droplet, contact For Isolation wash hands, use gloves,
and use personal protective equipment
Ethics - ANSWERstandards of behavior/right vs wrong
Laws - ANSWERestablished by government
Illegal acts are always unethical but unethical acts are not always illegal Chapter 1
HIPPA - ANSWERHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
established in response to information being transmitted electronically Established 1996
past into law 2003. Patient info can only be shared for patients care. This includes
patient address and phone number. Fines if violate law.
For HIPPA questions keep in mind: - ANSWERHIPPA was enacted to protect the
patient, you need two forms of identification to be sure you have right patient, you need
Monitoring - ANSWERTransmitted over phone to a LICENSED
ractitioner to read (magnetic tape), Patients use up to 30 days
Digital Monitoring - ANSWERTransmitted over a computer where report is verified by a
licensed practitioner
Telemedicine monitoring is usually used to evaluate_____________ - ANSWERArtificial
Pacemaker Functioning
Ambulatory Monitor - ANSWERMost common type is holter monitor (continuous or
intermittent-only records when patient has symptoms. Used for dysrhythmias,
evaluation cardic meds, and checking pacemakers-24-48 hrs-up to 30 days
Procedure for applying ambulatory monitor (holter) - ANSWEREducate patient,
equipment gathered and prepared, electrodes placed on chest, equipment hooked up
Procedure for removing - ANSWERbefore removing, diary must be complete by patient,
then turn off recording, remove electrodes, clean skin, report results
*process is based on type of equipment uses
Functions of common ECG machine - ANSWER3 basic functions are input, signal
processing, output display. Sensors in ECG machine serve as receiving devices for the
electrical activity of the heart.
INPUT-Electrode placed on patients skin direct impulses to ECG instrument, providing
the input. Signal processing happens in ECG machine, output display is the result of
processing and is shown on screen (known as oscilloscope) and/or on ECG tracings.
Electronic output is quickly becoming most common choice for ECG tracings.
ECG machine controls - ANSWER# most common are speed, gain, artifact filter.
also have these controls: LCD display, heart rate limits, standardization, and lead
section
Speed control - ANSWERregulates how fast or slow the paper or data run during
procedure. MOST COMMONLY USED: 25 mm/sec
*increasing the speed for example to 50mm/sec will make wave forms appear wider and
is useful if patient heart rate is very fast. if you change the speed you must note on
tracing by circling the setting on tracing and notify the healthcare provider
*speed in measure on a horizontial axis
, Gain - ANSWERcontrol on ECG machine that increases or decreases size of ECG
tracing. Normal setting is 10mm/mV. 20mm/V will double size and 5mm/V will reduce
size by half
* NEED TO KNOW mV is a millivolt-unit of measurement to indicate voltage- Voltage is
measures on a vertical axis
Artifact Filter - ANSWERunwanted marks on ECG tracing caused by something other
than heart activity
*Normal settings is between 40-150Hz, 40 Hz can be used to reduce artifact
3 most common causes of artifact are: - ANSWERSomatic tremor, wandering baseline,
and AC interference
History of ECG - ANSWER1903-Wilhelm Einthoven
ECG graph paper - ANSWERBoxes are 5mm by 5mm and indicate .04 seconds in time
horizontally and .1 mV in voltage vertically
How many seconds are between 3 tick marks on top of ecg paper? - ANSWER6
seconds
EGC PAPER provides measurement for both______ - ANSWERtime and voltage.
smallest box =.04 second in time and 1mm or .1mV in voltage
2 large boxes =10mm, which equals 1cm for vertical measurement.
ECG machines must be calibrated - ANSWERso that 1cm=1mV
Center for disease control & Prevention has 2 levels of precautions which
are_________ - ANSWER1. Standard-Hand Hygiene/gloves for blood/body fluids, non-
intact skin, and mucous membranes. For standard wash hands and use gloves
2.Isolation precautions-airborne, droplet, contact For Isolation wash hands, use gloves,
and use personal protective equipment
Ethics - ANSWERstandards of behavior/right vs wrong
Laws - ANSWERestablished by government
Illegal acts are always unethical but unethical acts are not always illegal Chapter 1
HIPPA - ANSWERHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
established in response to information being transmitted electronically Established 1996
past into law 2003. Patient info can only be shared for patients care. This includes
patient address and phone number. Fines if violate law.
For HIPPA questions keep in mind: - ANSWERHIPPA was enacted to protect the
patient, you need two forms of identification to be sure you have right patient, you need
