CRAT Exam
Pericardium - answerOuter protective double-layered sac surrounding the heart.
Epicardium - answerThin outermost layer of the heart, contains coronary arteries.
Myocardium - answerMiddle muscular layer of the heart, contains electrical system.
Endocardium - answerInner most layer of the heart, lines chambers and valves.
Blood flow through the heart - answerVenules --> Veins --> Superior/Inferior VC --> Rt
atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve --> Pulmonary Artery -->
Lungs --> Pulmonary Veins --> Lt atria --> Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic
Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries --> Body
Deoxygenated blood(left side of heart) - answerVenules --> Veins --> Superior/Inferior
VC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve --> Pulmonary
Artery
Oxygenated blood(right side of heart) - answerPulmonary Veins --> Lt atria -->
Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles
--> Capillaries
Atrioventricular Valves(diastole) - answerValves between the atria and ventricles.
Tricuspid, Bicuspid/Mitral. Regulates blood flow IN the heart.
Semilunar Valves(systole) - answerPulmonary and Aortic valves separates Ventricles
from corresponding artery. Regulates blood flow OUT of the heart.
sinoatrial node (SA node) - answerPrimary pacemaker, 60-100bpm intrinsic rate
atrioventricular node (AV) node - answer2nd pacemaker, 40-60bpm intrinsic rate
Bundle of His - answernormal connection between atria and ventricles
bundle branches - answerBranches off the Bundle of His that conduct impulses to the
left and right ventricles
Purkinje fibers - answerconduction system terminates
Pericardium - answerOuter protective double-layered sac surrounding the heart.
Epicardium - answerThin outermost layer of the heart, contains coronary arteries.
Myocardium - answerMiddle muscular layer of the heart, contains electrical system.
Endocardium - answerInner most layer of the heart, lines chambers and valves.
Blood flow through the heart - answerVenules --> Veins --> Superior/Inferior VC --> Rt
atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve --> Pulmonary Artery -->
Lungs --> Pulmonary Veins --> Lt atria --> Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic
Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries --> Body
Deoxygenated blood(left side of heart) - answerVenules --> Veins --> Superior/Inferior
VC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid Valve --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonary valve --> Pulmonary
Artery
Oxygenated blood(right side of heart) - answerPulmonary Veins --> Lt atria -->
Bicuspid/Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> Aortic Valve --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles
--> Capillaries
Atrioventricular Valves(diastole) - answerValves between the atria and ventricles.
Tricuspid, Bicuspid/Mitral. Regulates blood flow IN the heart.
Semilunar Valves(systole) - answerPulmonary and Aortic valves separates Ventricles
from corresponding artery. Regulates blood flow OUT of the heart.
sinoatrial node (SA node) - answerPrimary pacemaker, 60-100bpm intrinsic rate
atrioventricular node (AV) node - answer2nd pacemaker, 40-60bpm intrinsic rate
Bundle of His - answernormal connection between atria and ventricles
bundle branches - answerBranches off the Bundle of His that conduct impulses to the
left and right ventricles
Purkinje fibers - answerconduction system terminates
