CMBT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

CMBT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS major biotechnology fields - ANSWER- pharmaceuticals, GMO foods, vaccines, industrial enzymes pharmaceutical manufacturing - ANSWER- recombinant DNA, bioreactors, purification GMO food - ANSWER- exogenous genes added to plants to improve yield on production or consumption improve production - ANSWER- yield, pest resistance, drought resistance improve consumption - ANSWER- freshness, allergenicity, nutrition content main health concerns - ANSWER- allergenicity, gene transfer, outcrossing influenza vaccine techniques - ANSWER- egg-based production, cell-based production, recombinant-based production egg-based production - ANSWER- virus is injected and grown in fertilized hen's eggs; need steady supply of egg, allergy issue cell-based production - ANSWER- small amount of egg-grown vaccine cultured in mammalian cell to replicate; supply issues, hard to culture, but better for allergies recombinant-based production - ANSWER- isolate genes from wild-type virus, insert into plasmid, grow in cells (often, bacteria); fastest route and no eggs industrial enzymes - ANSWER- Engineered proteins designed to catalyze specific chemical reactions industrial enzyme examples - ANSWER- beer, cheese, detergent equilibrium binding - ANSWER- formed through a specific but non-covalent interactions between a receptor and ligand receptor - ANSWER- immobilized or semi-immobilized structure ligand - ANSWER- free material that binds to the receptor f - ANSWER- how many available receptors are bound Keq or Ka - ANSWER- equilibrium association constant Kd or Km - ANSWER- equilibrium dissociation constant k - ANSWER- rate constant, turnover number [time^-1] reaction rate - ANSWER- d[P]/dt, k[ES] when substrate in excess (S Kd) - ANSWER- d[P]/dt is maximal Vmax - ANSWER- k[ET] Lineweaver-Burke form - ANSWER- linear form of Michaelis-Menten equation insulin - ANSWER- peptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels as well as fat and carbohydrate metabolism and glucose storage insulin production - ANSWER- beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas type 1 diabetes mellitus - ANSWER- autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells type 2 diabetes mellitus - ANSWER- diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance occurs