ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate with complete solution(2023-
2024)
3 major phases of cell division:answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase:answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis:answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity:answer- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity:answer- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutationsanswer- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment:answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
,ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate with complete solution(2023-
2024)
Define neoadjuvant therapyanswer- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapyanswer- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to
lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapyanswer- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies:answer- Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose densityanswer- Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensityanswer- Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?answer- By comparing the dose that the patient
ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work?answer- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with
DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents:answer- 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they
work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:answer- Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents:answer- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
, ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate with complete solution(2023-
2024)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents:answer- Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents?answer- Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be
effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents:answer- Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of:answer- Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic:answer- 1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas:answer- BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Mesna used for?answer- Bladder protectant with administration of
cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days
following treatmentanswer- Oxaliplatin
How do antimetabolites function?answer- By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with
enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism
Certificate with complete solution(2023-
2024)
3 major phases of cell division:answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase:answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis:answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity:answer- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity:answer- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutationsanswer- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment:answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
,ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate with complete solution(2023-
2024)
Define neoadjuvant therapyanswer- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapyanswer- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to
lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapyanswer- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies:answer- Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose densityanswer- Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensityanswer- Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?answer- By comparing the dose that the patient
ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work?answer- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with
DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents:answer- 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they
work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:answer- Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents:answer- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
, ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate with complete solution(2023-
2024)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents:answer- Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents?answer- Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be
effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents:answer- Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of:answer- Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic:answer- 1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas:answer- BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Mesna used for?answer- Bladder protectant with administration of
cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days
following treatmentanswer- Oxaliplatin
How do antimetabolites function?answer- By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with
enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism
