Web Technologies Unit-I
Unit-I
HTML COMMON TAGS
What is an HTML File?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
Type in the following text in “NOTEPAD”:
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World! This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
Save the file as "mypage.html".
Start your Internet browser. Select "Open" (or "Open Page") in the File menu of your
browser. A dialog box will appear. Select "Browse" (or "Choose File") and locate the HTML file
you just created - "mypage.html" - select it and click "Open". Now you should see an address in
the dialog box, for example "C:\MyDocuments\webdesign\mypage.html". Click OK, and the
browser will display the page.
Example Explained
The first tag in your HTML document is <html>. This tag tells your browser that this is
the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is </html>. This tag tells your
browser that this is the end of the HTML document.
The text between the <head> tag and the </head> tag is header information. Header
information is not displayed in the browser window. The text between the <title> tags is the title
of your document. The title is displayed in your browser's caption. The text between the <body>
tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser. The text between the <b> and </b> tags
will be displayed in a bold font.
CSE -1-
,Web Technologies Unit-I
HTML ELEMENTS
HTML documents are text files made up of HTML elements. HTML elements are
defined using HTML tags.
HTML Tags
HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements
HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >
The surrounding characters are called angle brackets
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The text between the start and end tags is the element content
HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>
<b>This text is bold</b>
The purpose of the <b> tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as bold.
Tag Attributes
Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the HTML
elements on your page.
This tag defines the body element of your HTML page: <body>. With an added bgcolor
attribute, you can tell the browser that the background color of your page should be red, like this:
<body bgcolor="red">
This tag defines an HTML table: <table>. With an added border attribute, you can tell the
browser that the table should have no borders: <table border="0">. Attributes always come in
name/value pairs like this: name="value". Attributes are always added to the start tag of an
HTML element.
1. HEADINGS
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6>
defines the smallest heading.
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
<h4>This is a heading</h4>
<h5>This is a heading</h5>
<h6>This is a heading</h6>
CSE -2-
,Web Technologies Unit-I
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.
2. PARAGRAPHS
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.
3. LINE BREAKS
The <br> tag is used when you want to end a line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The
<br> tag forces a line break wherever you place it.
<p>This <br> is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>
The <br> tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.
4. Comments in HTML
The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will be
ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when
you edit the source code at a later date.
<!-- This is a comment -->
Note that you need an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing
bracket.
HTML TEXT FORMATTING
HTML defines a lot of elements for formatting output, like bold or italic text. How to View
HTML Source? To find out, click the VIEW option in your browser's toolbar and select
SOURCE or PAGE SOURCE. This will open a window that shows you the HTML code of the
page.
1. Text Formatting Tags
Tag Description
<i> Defines italic text. Recommend using <em>
<b> Defines bold text. Recommend using <strong>
<em> Defines emphasized text. Renders as italic text.
<strong> Defines strong text. Renders as bold text.
CSE -3-
, Web Technologies Unit-I
Example
Source Output
<i>Italic text</i><br /> Italic text
<b>Bold text</b><br /> Bold text
<em>Emphasized text</em><br> Emphasized text
<strong>Strong text</strong><br> Strong text
What is the difference between <i> & <em> and <b> & <strong>, <b> and <i> will both
become deprecated tags. Using <strong> and <em> are the tags that will be cross-browser
compatible as browsers move forward to embrace the new standards in HTML (e.g., XHTML)
2. HTML Links
HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web. HTML uses the <a>
(anchor) tag to create a link to another document. An anchor can point to any resource on the
Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc.
The syntax of creating an anchor:
<a href="url">Text to be displayed</a>
The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to address the
document to link to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will be
displayed as a hyperlink.
This anchor defines a link to W3Schools:
<a href="http://www.google.co.in/">Google</a>
The line above will look like this in a browser:
Google
The Target Attribute
With the target attribute, you can define where the linked document will be opened.
The line below will open the document in a new browser window:
<a href="http://www.google.co.in/" target="_blank">Google</a>
The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute
The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors we can create
links that can jump directly into a specific section on a page, instead of letting the user scroll
around to find what he/she is looking for.
Below is the syntax of a named anchor:
CSE -4-
Unit-I
HTML COMMON TAGS
What is an HTML File?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
Type in the following text in “NOTEPAD”:
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World! This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
Save the file as "mypage.html".
Start your Internet browser. Select "Open" (or "Open Page") in the File menu of your
browser. A dialog box will appear. Select "Browse" (or "Choose File") and locate the HTML file
you just created - "mypage.html" - select it and click "Open". Now you should see an address in
the dialog box, for example "C:\MyDocuments\webdesign\mypage.html". Click OK, and the
browser will display the page.
Example Explained
The first tag in your HTML document is <html>. This tag tells your browser that this is
the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is </html>. This tag tells your
browser that this is the end of the HTML document.
The text between the <head> tag and the </head> tag is header information. Header
information is not displayed in the browser window. The text between the <title> tags is the title
of your document. The title is displayed in your browser's caption. The text between the <body>
tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser. The text between the <b> and </b> tags
will be displayed in a bold font.
CSE -1-
,Web Technologies Unit-I
HTML ELEMENTS
HTML documents are text files made up of HTML elements. HTML elements are
defined using HTML tags.
HTML Tags
HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements
HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >
The surrounding characters are called angle brackets
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The text between the start and end tags is the element content
HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>
<b>This text is bold</b>
The purpose of the <b> tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as bold.
Tag Attributes
Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the HTML
elements on your page.
This tag defines the body element of your HTML page: <body>. With an added bgcolor
attribute, you can tell the browser that the background color of your page should be red, like this:
<body bgcolor="red">
This tag defines an HTML table: <table>. With an added border attribute, you can tell the
browser that the table should have no borders: <table border="0">. Attributes always come in
name/value pairs like this: name="value". Attributes are always added to the start tag of an
HTML element.
1. HEADINGS
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6>
defines the smallest heading.
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
<h4>This is a heading</h4>
<h5>This is a heading</h5>
<h6>This is a heading</h6>
CSE -2-
,Web Technologies Unit-I
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.
2. PARAGRAPHS
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.
3. LINE BREAKS
The <br> tag is used when you want to end a line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The
<br> tag forces a line break wherever you place it.
<p>This <br> is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>
The <br> tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.
4. Comments in HTML
The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will be
ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when
you edit the source code at a later date.
<!-- This is a comment -->
Note that you need an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing
bracket.
HTML TEXT FORMATTING
HTML defines a lot of elements for formatting output, like bold or italic text. How to View
HTML Source? To find out, click the VIEW option in your browser's toolbar and select
SOURCE or PAGE SOURCE. This will open a window that shows you the HTML code of the
page.
1. Text Formatting Tags
Tag Description
<i> Defines italic text. Recommend using <em>
<b> Defines bold text. Recommend using <strong>
<em> Defines emphasized text. Renders as italic text.
<strong> Defines strong text. Renders as bold text.
CSE -3-
, Web Technologies Unit-I
Example
Source Output
<i>Italic text</i><br /> Italic text
<b>Bold text</b><br /> Bold text
<em>Emphasized text</em><br> Emphasized text
<strong>Strong text</strong><br> Strong text
What is the difference between <i> & <em> and <b> & <strong>, <b> and <i> will both
become deprecated tags. Using <strong> and <em> are the tags that will be cross-browser
compatible as browsers move forward to embrace the new standards in HTML (e.g., XHTML)
2. HTML Links
HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web. HTML uses the <a>
(anchor) tag to create a link to another document. An anchor can point to any resource on the
Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc.
The syntax of creating an anchor:
<a href="url">Text to be displayed</a>
The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to address the
document to link to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will be
displayed as a hyperlink.
This anchor defines a link to W3Schools:
<a href="http://www.google.co.in/">Google</a>
The line above will look like this in a browser:
The Target Attribute
With the target attribute, you can define where the linked document will be opened.
The line below will open the document in a new browser window:
<a href="http://www.google.co.in/" target="_blank">Google</a>
The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute
The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors we can create
links that can jump directly into a specific section on a page, instead of letting the user scroll
around to find what he/she is looking for.
Below is the syntax of a named anchor:
CSE -4-
