TROUBLED INFANTS NCC
FINAL EXAM
QNS & ANS
2023/2024
, 1. What are some common signs of respiratory distress in infants? (Answer: Nasal flaring, grunting,
retractions, tachypnea, cyanosis, etc.)
2. What is the most common cause of sepsis in neonates? (Answer: Group B streptococcus infection)
3. What are some risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia? (Answer: Prematurity, low birth weight,
maternal diabetes, perinatal stress, etc.)
4. How do you assess the gestational age of a newborn using the Ballard score? (Answer: By
examining the physical and neuromuscular characteristics of the infant, such as skin texture, lanugo,
plantar creases, ear form, etc.)
5. What are some interventions for an infant with jaundice? (Answer: Phototherapy, hydration,
frequent feeding, monitoring of bilirubin levels, etc.)
6. What is the difference between apnea and periodic breathing in infants? (Answer: Apnea is the
cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds or accompanied by bradycardia or cyanosis;
periodic breathing is a pattern of alternating pauses and bursts of breathing that lasts less than 20
seconds and does not affect the heart rate or oxygen saturation)
7. What are some causes of congenital heart defects in infants? (Answer: Genetic factors,
chromosomal abnormalities, maternal infections, environmental exposures, etc.)
8. How do you perform a heel stick on an infant for blood sampling? (Answer: By using a sterile
lancet to puncture the lateral or medial aspect of the heel, avoiding the posterior curvature of the
heel and the plantar surface of the foot; by wiping away the first drop of blood and collecting the
subsequent drops in a capillary tube or microcontainer; by applying pressure and a sterile dressing
to the puncture site after obtaining the sample)
9. What are some complications of prematurity in infants? (Answer: Respiratory distress syndrome,
intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus
arteriosus, etc.)
10. What are some indications for intubation and mechanical ventilation in infants? (Answer: Respiratory
failure, apnea, airway obstruction, pulmonary edema, shock, etc.)
FINAL EXAM
QNS & ANS
2023/2024
, 1. What are some common signs of respiratory distress in infants? (Answer: Nasal flaring, grunting,
retractions, tachypnea, cyanosis, etc.)
2. What is the most common cause of sepsis in neonates? (Answer: Group B streptococcus infection)
3. What are some risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia? (Answer: Prematurity, low birth weight,
maternal diabetes, perinatal stress, etc.)
4. How do you assess the gestational age of a newborn using the Ballard score? (Answer: By
examining the physical and neuromuscular characteristics of the infant, such as skin texture, lanugo,
plantar creases, ear form, etc.)
5. What are some interventions for an infant with jaundice? (Answer: Phototherapy, hydration,
frequent feeding, monitoring of bilirubin levels, etc.)
6. What is the difference between apnea and periodic breathing in infants? (Answer: Apnea is the
cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds or accompanied by bradycardia or cyanosis;
periodic breathing is a pattern of alternating pauses and bursts of breathing that lasts less than 20
seconds and does not affect the heart rate or oxygen saturation)
7. What are some causes of congenital heart defects in infants? (Answer: Genetic factors,
chromosomal abnormalities, maternal infections, environmental exposures, etc.)
8. How do you perform a heel stick on an infant for blood sampling? (Answer: By using a sterile
lancet to puncture the lateral or medial aspect of the heel, avoiding the posterior curvature of the
heel and the plantar surface of the foot; by wiping away the first drop of blood and collecting the
subsequent drops in a capillary tube or microcontainer; by applying pressure and a sterile dressing
to the puncture site after obtaining the sample)
9. What are some complications of prematurity in infants? (Answer: Respiratory distress syndrome,
intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus
arteriosus, etc.)
10. What are some indications for intubation and mechanical ventilation in infants? (Answer: Respiratory
failure, apnea, airway obstruction, pulmonary edema, shock, etc.)
