BLG 101 Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal
System
Support - answerfor body and soft organs
protection - answerProtect brain, spinal cord, and vital organs
Movement - answerlevers for muscle action
Mineral and growth factor storage - answerCalcium and phosphorus, and growth factors
reservoir
blood cell formation - answerhematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones
Triglyceride storage - answerFat, a source of energy for the body, is stored in bone
cavities.
hormone production - answerOsteocalcin secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin
secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism
Functions of bones - answerSupport
Protection
Movement
Mineral and growth factor storage
Blood cell formation
Triglyceride (fat) storage
Hormone production
How many bones are in the human body? - answer206
axial skeleton - answerLong axis of body
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
appendicular skeleton - answerBones of the limbs
limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
, Long Bones - answerLonger than they are wide
Limb bones
Short Bones - answerCube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle)
Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella)
Flat Bones - answerThin, flat, slightly curved
Sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones
Irregular Bones - answerComplicated shapes
Vertebrae and hip bones
Stucture of Long Bone - answer- shaft (diaphysis)
- bone ends (epiphysis)
-membrane
-compact and spongy bone
Diaphysis (shaft) - answertubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
- consist of compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity that is filled with yellow
marrow in adults
Epiphyses - answerends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and
spongy bone internally
epiphyseal plate - answergrowth plate
compact bone - answerdense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid
spongy bone - answermade up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of
bone called trabeculae
Membranes (2 types) - answerperiosteum
endosteum
Periosteum - answerwhite, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces
except joints
periosteum fibrous layer - answerouter layer consisting of dense irregular connective
tissue consisting of Sharpey's fibers that secure to bone matrix
periosteum osteogenic layer - answerinner layer abutting bone and contains primitive
osteogenic stem cells that gives rise to most all bone cells
-is going to give rise to osteoblast
Endosteum - answerdelicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
System
Support - answerfor body and soft organs
protection - answerProtect brain, spinal cord, and vital organs
Movement - answerlevers for muscle action
Mineral and growth factor storage - answerCalcium and phosphorus, and growth factors
reservoir
blood cell formation - answerhematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones
Triglyceride storage - answerFat, a source of energy for the body, is stored in bone
cavities.
hormone production - answerOsteocalcin secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin
secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism
Functions of bones - answerSupport
Protection
Movement
Mineral and growth factor storage
Blood cell formation
Triglyceride (fat) storage
Hormone production
How many bones are in the human body? - answer206
axial skeleton - answerLong axis of body
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
appendicular skeleton - answerBones of the limbs
limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
, Long Bones - answerLonger than they are wide
Limb bones
Short Bones - answerCube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle)
Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella)
Flat Bones - answerThin, flat, slightly curved
Sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones
Irregular Bones - answerComplicated shapes
Vertebrae and hip bones
Stucture of Long Bone - answer- shaft (diaphysis)
- bone ends (epiphysis)
-membrane
-compact and spongy bone
Diaphysis (shaft) - answertubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
- consist of compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity that is filled with yellow
marrow in adults
Epiphyses - answerends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and
spongy bone internally
epiphyseal plate - answergrowth plate
compact bone - answerdense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid
spongy bone - answermade up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of
bone called trabeculae
Membranes (2 types) - answerperiosteum
endosteum
Periosteum - answerwhite, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces
except joints
periosteum fibrous layer - answerouter layer consisting of dense irregular connective
tissue consisting of Sharpey's fibers that secure to bone matrix
periosteum osteogenic layer - answerinner layer abutting bone and contains primitive
osteogenic stem cells that gives rise to most all bone cells
-is going to give rise to osteoblast
Endosteum - answerdelicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
