BLG 101 Chapter 3
plasma membrane - answerA selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
-barrier between separating intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid
membrane transport proteins - answerproteins in the plasma membrane allow the
transport of substances into and out of cells
receptor proteins - answera membrane protein that binds to signals outside the cell
-when bound the chemical messenger may cause a change in shape in the protein that
initiates a chain if chemical reactions
Enzymatic activity proteins - answerProtein's active site is exposed.
Once an enzyme activates, it a certain function is performed.
catalysizes reactions
cell-cell recognition - answersome glycoproteins serve as identification tags that are
specifically recognized by other cells
-says that that the cell is apart of the body so the body won't attack it
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix - answer-elements of the
cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
-helps maintain cell shapes, fixes the location of certain membrane proteins and plays a
role in cell movement
-anchors its self to its environment
Cell-Cell joining - answer-membrane in proteins of adjacent cells may be hooked
together in various kinds of intercellular joints
-some membrane protein of this group provide temporary binding sites that guide cell
migration and other cell to cell interactions
Cell Junctions - answertight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
tight junctions - answerMembranes of neighboring cells are pressed together,
preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
, - continuous seal
Desmosomes - answer-absorb shock
-allows a bit of give
-keeps cells from tearing apart
gap junctions - answerAllow molecules to pass directly from cell to cell.
passive transport - answerno energy required
active transport - answerenergy (atp) is required
types of passive transport - answersimple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
- natural movement of molecules from high concentration to area off low concentration
Speed of diffusion is influenced by - answer-concentration
-molecules
-temperature
simple diffusion - answermovement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
Osmosis - answerDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmolarity - answermeasure of total concentration of solute particles
Tonicity - answerthe ability of a solution to change shape or tone of cell by altering the
cell internal water volume
isotonic solution - answerhas same osmolarity as inside the cell, so volume remains
unchanged
hypertonic solution - answerhas higher osmolarity than inside cell, so water flows out of
cell, resulting in cell shrinking
hypotonic solution - answerA solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than
that of the cell that resides in the solution
two types of active membrane transport - answeractive transport and vesicular transport
both need ATP
antiporters - answertransport one substance into cell while transporting a different
substance out of cell
plasma membrane - answerA selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
-barrier between separating intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid
membrane transport proteins - answerproteins in the plasma membrane allow the
transport of substances into and out of cells
receptor proteins - answera membrane protein that binds to signals outside the cell
-when bound the chemical messenger may cause a change in shape in the protein that
initiates a chain if chemical reactions
Enzymatic activity proteins - answerProtein's active site is exposed.
Once an enzyme activates, it a certain function is performed.
catalysizes reactions
cell-cell recognition - answersome glycoproteins serve as identification tags that are
specifically recognized by other cells
-says that that the cell is apart of the body so the body won't attack it
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix - answer-elements of the
cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
-helps maintain cell shapes, fixes the location of certain membrane proteins and plays a
role in cell movement
-anchors its self to its environment
Cell-Cell joining - answer-membrane in proteins of adjacent cells may be hooked
together in various kinds of intercellular joints
-some membrane protein of this group provide temporary binding sites that guide cell
migration and other cell to cell interactions
Cell Junctions - answertight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
tight junctions - answerMembranes of neighboring cells are pressed together,
preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
, - continuous seal
Desmosomes - answer-absorb shock
-allows a bit of give
-keeps cells from tearing apart
gap junctions - answerAllow molecules to pass directly from cell to cell.
passive transport - answerno energy required
active transport - answerenergy (atp) is required
types of passive transport - answersimple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
- natural movement of molecules from high concentration to area off low concentration
Speed of diffusion is influenced by - answer-concentration
-molecules
-temperature
simple diffusion - answermovement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
Osmosis - answerDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmolarity - answermeasure of total concentration of solute particles
Tonicity - answerthe ability of a solution to change shape or tone of cell by altering the
cell internal water volume
isotonic solution - answerhas same osmolarity as inside the cell, so volume remains
unchanged
hypertonic solution - answerhas higher osmolarity than inside cell, so water flows out of
cell, resulting in cell shrinking
hypotonic solution - answerA solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than
that of the cell that resides in the solution
two types of active membrane transport - answeractive transport and vesicular transport
both need ATP
antiporters - answertransport one substance into cell while transporting a different
substance out of cell
