INDEX
UNIT
TOPIC PAGE NO
NO
Introduction
Operating System concepts 1-11
Types of Operating Systems 11-18
I
Operating services, System Calls 18-25
Structure of OS, Virtual machines 26-31
Process Concepts 32-34
Thread Concepts 34-38
Process Scheduling
Process Scheduling concepts 39-40
Pre-emptive and Non pre-emptive scheduling
41-48
algorithms
II Multiprocessor scheduling 48-49
Real time scheduling 49-52
Inter-process Communication
Critical Section problem 52-57
Classical IPC Problems 57-65
Memory Management 66-82
III
Virtual Memory 82-89
File System Management 90-105
IV
I/O Hardware 105-110
Deadlocks 111-119
V
Mass Storage Structure 120-129
,OPERATING SYSTEMS NOTES II YEAR/I SEM MRCET
UNIT-I
Operating System Introduction: Operating Systems Objectives and functions, Computer System
Architecture, OS Structure, OS Operations, Evolution of Operating Systems - Simple Batch, Multi
programmed, time shared, Personal Computer, Parallel, Distributed Systems, Real-Time Systems, Special -
Purpose Systems, Operating System services, user OS Interface, System Calls, Types of System Calls,
System Programs, Operating System Design and Implementation, OS Structure, Virtual machines
1
,OPERATING SYSTEMS NOTES II YEAR/I SEM MRCET
2
, OPERATING SYSTEMS NOTES II YEAR/I SEM MRCET
Operating system performs the following functions:
1. Booting
Booting is a process of starting the computer operating system starts the computer to work.
It checks the computer and makes it ready to work.
2. Memory Management
It is also an important function of operating system. The memory cannot be managed
without operating system. Different programs and data execute in memory at one time. if
there is no operating system, the programs may mix with each other. The system will not
work properly.
3. Loading and Execution
A program is loaded in the memory before it can be executed. Operating system provides
the facility to load programs in memory easily and then execute it.
4. Data security
Data is an important part of computer system. The operating system protects the data stored on
the computer from illegal use, modification or deletion.
5. Disk Management
Operating system manages the disk space. It manages the stored files and folders in a proper way.
6. Process Management
CPU can perform one task at one time. if there are many tasks, operating system decides which
task should get the CPU.
7. Device Controlling
operating system also controls all devices attached to computer. The hardware devices
are controlled with the help of small software called device drivers..
8. Providing interface
It is used in order that user interface acts with a computer mutually. User interface controls
how you input data and instruction and how information is displayed on screen. The operating
system offers two types of the interface to the user:
1. Graphical-line interface: It interacts with of visual environment to communicate
with the computer. It uses windows, icons, menus and other graphical objects to issues
commands.
2. Command-line interface:it provides an interface to communicate with the computer by
typing commands.
3
UNIT
TOPIC PAGE NO
NO
Introduction
Operating System concepts 1-11
Types of Operating Systems 11-18
I
Operating services, System Calls 18-25
Structure of OS, Virtual machines 26-31
Process Concepts 32-34
Thread Concepts 34-38
Process Scheduling
Process Scheduling concepts 39-40
Pre-emptive and Non pre-emptive scheduling
41-48
algorithms
II Multiprocessor scheduling 48-49
Real time scheduling 49-52
Inter-process Communication
Critical Section problem 52-57
Classical IPC Problems 57-65
Memory Management 66-82
III
Virtual Memory 82-89
File System Management 90-105
IV
I/O Hardware 105-110
Deadlocks 111-119
V
Mass Storage Structure 120-129
,OPERATING SYSTEMS NOTES II YEAR/I SEM MRCET
UNIT-I
Operating System Introduction: Operating Systems Objectives and functions, Computer System
Architecture, OS Structure, OS Operations, Evolution of Operating Systems - Simple Batch, Multi
programmed, time shared, Personal Computer, Parallel, Distributed Systems, Real-Time Systems, Special -
Purpose Systems, Operating System services, user OS Interface, System Calls, Types of System Calls,
System Programs, Operating System Design and Implementation, OS Structure, Virtual machines
1
,OPERATING SYSTEMS NOTES II YEAR/I SEM MRCET
2
, OPERATING SYSTEMS NOTES II YEAR/I SEM MRCET
Operating system performs the following functions:
1. Booting
Booting is a process of starting the computer operating system starts the computer to work.
It checks the computer and makes it ready to work.
2. Memory Management
It is also an important function of operating system. The memory cannot be managed
without operating system. Different programs and data execute in memory at one time. if
there is no operating system, the programs may mix with each other. The system will not
work properly.
3. Loading and Execution
A program is loaded in the memory before it can be executed. Operating system provides
the facility to load programs in memory easily and then execute it.
4. Data security
Data is an important part of computer system. The operating system protects the data stored on
the computer from illegal use, modification or deletion.
5. Disk Management
Operating system manages the disk space. It manages the stored files and folders in a proper way.
6. Process Management
CPU can perform one task at one time. if there are many tasks, operating system decides which
task should get the CPU.
7. Device Controlling
operating system also controls all devices attached to computer. The hardware devices
are controlled with the help of small software called device drivers..
8. Providing interface
It is used in order that user interface acts with a computer mutually. User interface controls
how you input data and instruction and how information is displayed on screen. The operating
system offers two types of the interface to the user:
1. Graphical-line interface: It interacts with of visual environment to communicate
with the computer. It uses windows, icons, menus and other graphical objects to issues
commands.
2. Command-line interface:it provides an interface to communicate with the computer by
typing commands.
3
