• Chapter III:
Cells: The Living Units
1. Site of protein synthesis
2. Cell’s bones and muscles
3. powerhouse of the cell
4. Functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
5. Best known for their role in generating microtubules
6. Principal “traffic director” for cellular proteins (modifies and packages proteins)
7. Cell’s demolition site
8. Membranous sacs containing powerful oxidase, enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify
poisonous substances (“disarm” dangerous free radicals)
A. Smooth ER
B. Lysosomes
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
E. Ribosomes
F. Centrioles
G. peroxisomes
H. Cytoskeleton
Cell theory
A cell is the functional and structural unit of life.
how well the entire organism functions depends on individual and combined activities of all of
its cells.
Structure and function are complementary
- Biochemical functions of cells are dictated by cell shape and specific sub cellular structures
Continuity of life has cellular basis
- cells can arise only from other pre-existing cells
Cell diversity
- over 200 different types of human cells
, - types differ in size, shape, subcellular components; these differences lead to differences in
functions.
- THEY HAVE MANY SIMILARITIES TOO!
a. Cells that connect body parts, form linings or transport gases
b. Cells that move organs and body parts
c. Cell that stores nutrients
d. Cell that fights disease
e. Cell that gathers information and controls body functions
f. Cell of reproduction
Generalized cell
- All cells have some common structures and functions
- Human cells have three (3) basic parts:
1. Plasma membrane : flexible outer boundary
2. Cytoplasm : intracellular fluid containing organelles
3. Nucleus : DNA- containing control center
Extracellular Materials
substances found outside cells
classes of extracellular materials include:
a. Extracellular fluids (body fluids), such as:
- interstitial fluid: cells are submersed (bathed) in this fluid
- blood plasma: fluid of the blood
- cerebrospinal fluid: fluid surrounding the nervous system organs
b. Cellular secretions (e.g. saliva and mucus)
c. Extracellular matrix: substance that acts as glue to hold cells together in tissues
1. PLASMA MEMBRANE
acts as an active barrier separating the intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)
Plays dynamic role in cellular activity by controlling what enters and what leaves the cell
Also known as the “cell membrane”
Cells: The Living Units
1. Site of protein synthesis
2. Cell’s bones and muscles
3. powerhouse of the cell
4. Functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
5. Best known for their role in generating microtubules
6. Principal “traffic director” for cellular proteins (modifies and packages proteins)
7. Cell’s demolition site
8. Membranous sacs containing powerful oxidase, enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify
poisonous substances (“disarm” dangerous free radicals)
A. Smooth ER
B. Lysosomes
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
E. Ribosomes
F. Centrioles
G. peroxisomes
H. Cytoskeleton
Cell theory
A cell is the functional and structural unit of life.
how well the entire organism functions depends on individual and combined activities of all of
its cells.
Structure and function are complementary
- Biochemical functions of cells are dictated by cell shape and specific sub cellular structures
Continuity of life has cellular basis
- cells can arise only from other pre-existing cells
Cell diversity
- over 200 different types of human cells
, - types differ in size, shape, subcellular components; these differences lead to differences in
functions.
- THEY HAVE MANY SIMILARITIES TOO!
a. Cells that connect body parts, form linings or transport gases
b. Cells that move organs and body parts
c. Cell that stores nutrients
d. Cell that fights disease
e. Cell that gathers information and controls body functions
f. Cell of reproduction
Generalized cell
- All cells have some common structures and functions
- Human cells have three (3) basic parts:
1. Plasma membrane : flexible outer boundary
2. Cytoplasm : intracellular fluid containing organelles
3. Nucleus : DNA- containing control center
Extracellular Materials
substances found outside cells
classes of extracellular materials include:
a. Extracellular fluids (body fluids), such as:
- interstitial fluid: cells are submersed (bathed) in this fluid
- blood plasma: fluid of the blood
- cerebrospinal fluid: fluid surrounding the nervous system organs
b. Cellular secretions (e.g. saliva and mucus)
c. Extracellular matrix: substance that acts as glue to hold cells together in tissues
1. PLASMA MEMBRANE
acts as an active barrier separating the intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)
Plays dynamic role in cellular activity by controlling what enters and what leaves the cell
Also known as the “cell membrane”
