Nursing Care Of The Adult --
Diagnostic Testing
what are the different levels of sedation?
minimal
moderate
deep
general anesthesia
MINIMAL SEDATION =
- normal response to stimulation
- cognitive function may be impaired
- CV and respiratory not affected
MODERATE SEDATION =
- depression of consciousness is drug induced
- patient is able to respond to verbal commands
- CV and respiratory not usually affected
DEEP SEDATION =
- depression of consciousness is drug induced
- patient not easily aroused but has purposeful movement to pain / repeated verbal
stimuli
- may need breathing assistance
GENERAL ANESTHESIA =
- loss of consciousness
- needs ventilatory support
- CV function may be impaired
what medications are used for sedation / anesthesia?
benzodiazepines
- midazolam
- lorazepam
opiates
- fentanyl
sedatives/anesthetics
- ketamine
- propofol
- dexmedatodimine
what nursing implications are involved when administering conscious sedation?
- monitor VS (blood pressure, heart rate, o2 sat, rr)
- need to be able to resuscitate the patient
- need to be monitored closely
the sedation / anesthesia meds should not be administered to patients on what
floor of the hospital?
med-surg floors
, this directly visualizes the mucosal lining of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum
with a flexible endoscope
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, upper GI)
what does an upper GI detect / obtain?
- detects inflammation, ulcers, tumors, varices, tears
- may obtian biopsies
- may stop upper GI bleeding
are people sedated when getting an upper GI?
usually sedated and throat is sprayed with topical anesthetic
patients getting an upper GI are NPO beginning ____ until ____
8 hours prior
until gag-reflex is back post-procedure
this directly visualizes the entire colon up to the ileocecal valve w/ a flexible
scope
colonoscopy
what can a colonoscopy diagnose?
- IBD
- polyps (+ remove)
- tumors (+ get biopsies)
- colon cancer
- diverticulosis
- strictures can be dilated
what must happen 1 day before a colonoscopy?
bowels must be cleaned
--> clear liquids + laxatives
nursing implications for someone getting a colonoscopy?
- conscious sedation administered
- monitor for frequent rectal bleeding or bowel perforation
- frequent vitals post procedure
this is using a flexible fiber optic scope to evaluate the airways; inserted through
an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube
bronchoscopy
nursing implications for patient getting a bronchoscopy
- NPO 8 hours prior
- obtain biopsies or monitor changes in lungs
- NPO until gag reflex returns
- blood tinged sputum is not uncommon
- monitor for bleeding and pneumothorax after
this uses ultrasound to evaluate deep, femoral, popliteal, and posterior tibial
veins; non-invasive way to diagnose venous thromboembolism
venous compresison ultrasound / venous doppler
this is the MOST COMMON diagnostic study to evaluate musculoskeletal
problems, monitor and evaluate treatment
x-ray
what does an x-ray diagnose?
Diagnostic Testing
what are the different levels of sedation?
minimal
moderate
deep
general anesthesia
MINIMAL SEDATION =
- normal response to stimulation
- cognitive function may be impaired
- CV and respiratory not affected
MODERATE SEDATION =
- depression of consciousness is drug induced
- patient is able to respond to verbal commands
- CV and respiratory not usually affected
DEEP SEDATION =
- depression of consciousness is drug induced
- patient not easily aroused but has purposeful movement to pain / repeated verbal
stimuli
- may need breathing assistance
GENERAL ANESTHESIA =
- loss of consciousness
- needs ventilatory support
- CV function may be impaired
what medications are used for sedation / anesthesia?
benzodiazepines
- midazolam
- lorazepam
opiates
- fentanyl
sedatives/anesthetics
- ketamine
- propofol
- dexmedatodimine
what nursing implications are involved when administering conscious sedation?
- monitor VS (blood pressure, heart rate, o2 sat, rr)
- need to be able to resuscitate the patient
- need to be monitored closely
the sedation / anesthesia meds should not be administered to patients on what
floor of the hospital?
med-surg floors
, this directly visualizes the mucosal lining of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum
with a flexible endoscope
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, upper GI)
what does an upper GI detect / obtain?
- detects inflammation, ulcers, tumors, varices, tears
- may obtian biopsies
- may stop upper GI bleeding
are people sedated when getting an upper GI?
usually sedated and throat is sprayed with topical anesthetic
patients getting an upper GI are NPO beginning ____ until ____
8 hours prior
until gag-reflex is back post-procedure
this directly visualizes the entire colon up to the ileocecal valve w/ a flexible
scope
colonoscopy
what can a colonoscopy diagnose?
- IBD
- polyps (+ remove)
- tumors (+ get biopsies)
- colon cancer
- diverticulosis
- strictures can be dilated
what must happen 1 day before a colonoscopy?
bowels must be cleaned
--> clear liquids + laxatives
nursing implications for someone getting a colonoscopy?
- conscious sedation administered
- monitor for frequent rectal bleeding or bowel perforation
- frequent vitals post procedure
this is using a flexible fiber optic scope to evaluate the airways; inserted through
an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube
bronchoscopy
nursing implications for patient getting a bronchoscopy
- NPO 8 hours prior
- obtain biopsies or monitor changes in lungs
- NPO until gag reflex returns
- blood tinged sputum is not uncommon
- monitor for bleeding and pneumothorax after
this uses ultrasound to evaluate deep, femoral, popliteal, and posterior tibial
veins; non-invasive way to diagnose venous thromboembolism
venous compresison ultrasound / venous doppler
this is the MOST COMMON diagnostic study to evaluate musculoskeletal
problems, monitor and evaluate treatment
x-ray
what does an x-ray diagnose?
