ATLS Practice Exam 2023

Definitive control of the airway is achieved by ____________ - Endotracheal intubation How do you treat hypothermia in the ED? - crystalloid fluids at 102.2 degrees F and warmed treatment area What does definitive hemorrhage control refer to? (3) - 1) Possible surgery 2) Stabilizing of pelvis 3) Angioembolization What are rates of fluid administration measured by? - Size and length of catheter Minimum flow rate of oxygen reservoir mask - 11 L/min MCC of shock in trauma pt - Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage Describe the 3 for 1 rule - Replace each mL of blood loss with 3 ml of crystalloid solution What metabolic state can result from continued hemorrhage or decreased perfusion? - Metabolic acidosis In what survey, primary or secondary, are these identified? 1) Simple PTX 2) Pulmonary contusion 3) Traumatic aortic disruption - Secondary Via thorough PE, CXR, pulse ox, ECG and ABG What imaging study is preferred for penetrating abdominal trauma? - CT What can FAST rapidly diagnose? - Abdominal hemorrhage When is a laparotomy indicated? - Fascial penetration with intraperitoneal bleeding or peritonitis What does the Monro Kellie doctrine describe? - The relationship between IC volume and pressure Normal resting ICP - 10 mm Hg How do you reduce elevated ICP? - Mannitol in a 20% solution How do you temporarily control pelvic hemorrhage and instability? - Internal traction and external counter-pressure How do you initially manage major arterial injury? - Direct pressure and fluid resuscitation Full thickness burn - Third degree burn What is used to estimate the size and depth of burns? - Rule of 9's Head= 9% Each arm=9% Front Trunk= 18% Back Trunk= 18% Upper leg= 9% Lower leg= 9% What type of burns appear wet and blistered? - Partial thickness burns (second degree) How do you treat CO exposed pt? - 100% oxygen flow through non re-breather mask What is a reliable measure of circulating blood volumes in burn patients? - Hourly urine output *Goal= 0.5-1.0 ml/kg body weight* Hospital admission criteria for burn pt (8) - 1) Partial-thickness burns greater than 10% total BSA (TBSA) 2) Full-thickness burns greater than 2% TBSA 3) Burns involving the face, hands, genitalia, perineum, or major joints 4) Circumferential extremity burns