Cold War Era: 1941-1991
The United States and the Soviet Union
o Soviets feared capitalism and Americans feared communism
o Two allies grew apart after WWII
o Didn’t fight or have war, but didn’t like each other
o Instead, fight proxy wars by taking opposing sides in wars in small countries
Hot spots in a cold war
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Protection of Refugees and Peacekeeping
Containment Policy vs World Revolution
o Containment Policy: America’s goal to contain communism
Wanted to get rid of communism because of atheism and limitation of
class changing
o World Revolution: Soviet Union’s goal to make everyone communist
Iron Curtain
o Winston Churchill in March 1946 referring to the communist spread in Europe
Truman Doctrine
o When America pledged to provide economic and military support to Greece and
Turkey
The Marshall Plan
o When America gave $13 billion to all nations in Europe including Germany in
June 1947
Gave all countries in Europe except for Spain because they were fascist
o Plan seemed to work, Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites refused to
participate in the plan
, o Soviets created COMECON, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance to help
rebuild Eastern Europe
Didn’t work too well because Soviet Union was still broke from aftermath
of WWII
Problem in Germany
o Germany was divided into four parts after the war including Berlin
USA, Britain, French, Soviet Union
o Western countries joined sections so it became only 2 sections
USA, Britain, French
o Soviet Union saw it as a threat, so for revenge, Soviet Union refused to let people
in West Berlin
o For 10 months, America did the Berlin Airlift when America flew planes over
Berlin to drop giant crates of food by parachute
o After 10 months, Soviet Union removed constraints for America
The Space Race
o In 1957, Russia launches Sputnik into orbit around Earth and began the Space
Race
o In JFK’s presidential speeches, he promised to put a man on the moon within 1
year of his inauguration
The Arms Race
o Race in who could build the most and biggest nuclear weapons
o Began right after WWII
o Spies in the American Manhattan Project sold or leaked information about
nuclear weapons to the Soviets
Antinuclear Weapon Movement
o Two main countries in the movement: New Zealand and Japan
The United States and the Soviet Union
o Soviets feared capitalism and Americans feared communism
o Two allies grew apart after WWII
o Didn’t fight or have war, but didn’t like each other
o Instead, fight proxy wars by taking opposing sides in wars in small countries
Hot spots in a cold war
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Protection of Refugees and Peacekeeping
Containment Policy vs World Revolution
o Containment Policy: America’s goal to contain communism
Wanted to get rid of communism because of atheism and limitation of
class changing
o World Revolution: Soviet Union’s goal to make everyone communist
Iron Curtain
o Winston Churchill in March 1946 referring to the communist spread in Europe
Truman Doctrine
o When America pledged to provide economic and military support to Greece and
Turkey
The Marshall Plan
o When America gave $13 billion to all nations in Europe including Germany in
June 1947
Gave all countries in Europe except for Spain because they were fascist
o Plan seemed to work, Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites refused to
participate in the plan
, o Soviets created COMECON, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance to help
rebuild Eastern Europe
Didn’t work too well because Soviet Union was still broke from aftermath
of WWII
Problem in Germany
o Germany was divided into four parts after the war including Berlin
USA, Britain, French, Soviet Union
o Western countries joined sections so it became only 2 sections
USA, Britain, French
o Soviet Union saw it as a threat, so for revenge, Soviet Union refused to let people
in West Berlin
o For 10 months, America did the Berlin Airlift when America flew planes over
Berlin to drop giant crates of food by parachute
o After 10 months, Soviet Union removed constraints for America
The Space Race
o In 1957, Russia launches Sputnik into orbit around Earth and began the Space
Race
o In JFK’s presidential speeches, he promised to put a man on the moon within 1
year of his inauguration
The Arms Race
o Race in who could build the most and biggest nuclear weapons
o Began right after WWII
o Spies in the American Manhattan Project sold or leaked information about
nuclear weapons to the Soviets
Antinuclear Weapon Movement
o Two main countries in the movement: New Zealand and Japan
